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PSY291- DISORDERS
Powerpoint 3 - Psychological Disorders
| What is a MENTAL DISORDER? | A persistent disturbance or dysfunction in behavior, thoughts, or emotions that causes significant distress or impairment |
| What is a DISORDER | Refers to a common set of signs and symptoms |
| What is a DISEASE | A known pathological process affecting the body |
| What is a DIAGNOSIS | A determination as to whether or not a disorder or disease is present |
| What is the DIAGNOSTIC AND STATISTICAL MANUAL OF MENTAL DISORDERS (DSM) | A classification system that describes the features used to diagnose each recognized mental disorder |
| What does the DSM indicate? | How the disorders can be distinguished from other, similar problems |
| When was the first DSM created? | In 1952 |
| What is the most recent edition of the DSM? When was it released? | In 2013, DSM-5 was released |
| What is COMORBIDITY? | Refers to the co-concurrence of two or more disorders in a single individual |
| What does a BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL PERSPECTIVE explain? | Explains mental disorders as the result of interactions among biological, psychological and social factors |
| What is the DIATHESIS-STRESS MODEL | Suggests that a person may be predisposed for a psychological disorder that remains unexpressed until triggered by stress |
| What is the RESEARCH DOMAIN CRITERIA PROJECT (RDoC) | A new initiative that aims to guide the classification and understanding of mental disorders by revealing the basic processes that give rise to them |
| What is the problem with labels? | 1. Labeling someone as having a disorder can cause unintended consequences 2. Diagnosis an impact both the way people see themselves and the way medical professionals see and treat them |
| What are ANXIETY DISORDERS | The class of mental disorder in which anxiety is the predominant feature |
| What are PHOBIC DISORDERS | Disorders characterized by marked, persistent, and excessive fear and avoidance of specific objects, activities or situations |
| What is a SPECIFIC PHOBIA? | A disorder that involves an irrational fear of a particular object or situation that markedly interferes with an individual's ability to function |
| What is the PREPAREDNESS THEORY OF PHOBIAS | The idea that people are instinctively predisposed towards certain fears |
| What is a PANIC DISORDER | A disorder characterized by the sudden occurrence of multiple psychological symptoms that contribute to a feeling of stark terror |
| What is GENERALIZED ANXIETY DISORDER? | A disorder characterized by chronic excessive worry accompanied by three or more of the following symptoms: restlessness, fatigue, concentration problems, irritability, muscle tension, sleep disturbance |
| What is OBSESSIVE COMPULSIVE DISORDER (O.C.D.) | A disorder in which repetitive, intrusive thoughts (obsessions) and ritualistic behaviors (compulsions) designed to fend off those thoughts interfere significantly with an individual's functioning |
| What is POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER? | A disorder characterized by chronic physiological arousal, recurrent unwanted thoughts or images of the trauma and avoidance of things that call the dramatic event to mind |
| What are some common causes of PTSD | 1. War 2. Physical Assault 3. Sexual assault or trauma 4. sudden death of a loved one 5. illness/injury 6. natural disaster |
| What is MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER (DEPRESSION) | A disorder characterized by a severely depressed mood and/or the inability to experience pleasure that lasts 2 or more weeks and is accompanied by feelings of worthlessness, lethargy, and sleep and appetite disturbance |
| What is SEASONAL EFFECTIVE DISORDER | Causes people to experience recurrent depressive episodes in a seasonal pattern |
| What is BIPOLAR DISORDER | A condition characterized by cycles of abnormal, persistent high mood (mania) and low mood (depression) |
| What is SCHIZOPHRENIA? | A disorder characterized y profound disruption of basic psychological processes; a distorted perception of reality; altered or blunted emotion; and disturbances in thought, motivation and behaviour |
| What are some symptoms of schizophrenia? | Hallucinations Delusions Disorganized Speech Grossly Organized Behavior Catatonic Behavior Negative Symptoms Cognitive Symptoms |
| What is the AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER (A.S.D.) | A condition beginning in early childhood n which a person shows persistent communication deficits as well as restricted and repetitive patterns of behaviors, interests or activities |
| A.S.D. can be understood as.... | Impaired capacity for empathizing and superior capacity for systematizing |
| What is A.D.H.D. | A persistent pattern of severe problems with inattention and/or hyperactivity or impulsiveness that cause significant impairments in functioning |
| What are PERSONALITY DISORDERS | Enduring patterns of thinking, feeling, or relating to others or controlling impulses that deviate from cultural expectations and cause distress or impaired functioning |
| What is CLUSTER A for personality disorders | ODD/ECCENTRIC - Paranoid - Schizoid - Schizotypical |
| What is CLUSTER B for personality disorders | DRAMATIC/ERRATIC - Antisocial - Borderline - Histrionic - Narcisstic |
| What is CLUSTER C for personality disroders | ANXIOUS/INHIBITED - Avoidant - Dependent - Obsessive-compulsive |
| What does a sociopath/psychopath refer to/ | Refer to people with antisocial personality disorder: A pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others that begins in childhood or early adolescence and continues into adulthood |
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sunshineshel
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