click below
click below
Normal Size Small Size show me how
FA Embryology
Question | Answer |
---|---|
In which week does implantation occur? | Week 1 |
In which week does bilaminar disk form? | Week 2 |
In whhich week does grastulation occurs? | Week 3 |
In which week does heart begin to beat? | Week 4 |
In which week does the upper and lower limb buds begin to form? | Week 4 |
In which week does the neural tube form? | Weeks 3 to 8 |
The embryo in which week is extremely susceptible to teratogens? | Weeks 3 to 8 |
In which week does the fetus's genitalia begin to have male or female characteristics? | Week 10 |
Brain, retina, spinal cord. They are the embryonic derivative of what? | Neuro-ectoderm |
Peripheral nervous system and its nearby non-neural structures are embryonic derivatives of what? | Neural crest |
Aorticopulmonary septum is an embryonic derivative of what? | Neural crest |
Odontoblast is an embryonic derivative of what? | Neural crest |
The spleen is an embryonic derivative of what? | Mesoderm |
What is the postnatal derivative of the notocord? | Nucleus pulposus |
What cell during pregnancy secretes hCG? | Syncytiotrophoblast |
What is the embryonic structure which gives rise to the ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk? | Truncus arteriosus |
What is the embryonic structure which gives rise to the smooth parts of the left and right ventricle? | Bulbus cordis |
What is the embryonic structure which gives rise to the trabeculated parts of the left and right ventricle? | Primitive ventricle |
What is the embryonic structure which gives rise to the trabeculated part of the left and right atrium? | Primitive atria |
The left horn of sinus venosus gives rise to what structure? | Coronary sinus |
The right horn of sinus venosus gives rise to what structure? | Smooth part of right atrium |
The right common cardinal vein and right anterior cardinal vein gives rise to what structure? | Superior vena cava |
What other congenital cardiac defect is always present with truncus arteriosus? | Ventricular septal defect |
List the organs which fetal erythropoesis takes place. | Yolk sac (3-8 wk) Liver (6-30 wk) Spleen (9-28 wk) Bone marrow (28 wk onward) |
What is the postnatal derivative of the umbilical vein? | Ligamentum teres hepatis, contained in falciform ligament |
What is the postnatal derivative of the umbiLical arteries? | mediaL umbilical ligaments |
What is the postnatal derivative of the ductus arteriosus? | Ligamentum arteriosum |
What is the postnatal derivative of the ductus venosus? | Ligamentum venosum |
What is the postnatal derivative of the foramen ovale? | Fossa ovalis |
What is the postnasal derivative of the allaNtois and urachus? | mediaN umbilical ligament |
What is the diaphragm derived from? | S P B D 1) Septum transverum -> central tendon 2) Pleuroperitoneal folds 3) Body wall 4) Dorsal mesentery of esophagus -> crura |
What causes gastroschisis? | Failure of lateral body folds to fuse |
Dx : Baby with cyanosis, choking and vomiting with feeding, air bubble on CXR and polyhydramnios. | Tracheo-esophageal fistula |
Dx : Palpable "olive" mass in epigastric region and nonbilious projectile vomiting at 2 weeks of age | Congenital pyloric stenosis |
Which part of the pancreas is formed by the ventral pancreatic bud? | Pancreatic head |
Which part of the pancreas is formed by the dorsal pancreatic bud? | Body and tail |
Name a non-endodermal organ which is supplied by artery of foregut. | Spleen |
What syndrome is seen as a result of malformation of ureteric bud? | Potter's syndrome |
Without Mullerian inhibiting substance, what does the paramesonephric duct develop into? | Fallopian tube, uterus, and upper 1/3 of vagina |
What does the lower 2/3 of the vagina develop from? | Urogenital sinus |
In the male, what does the mesonephric duct develop into? | SEED 1) Seminal vesicles 2) Epididymis 3) Ejaculatory duct 4) Ductus deferens |
How is the kidney function of a patient with horseshoe kidney? | Normal |
What is the condition that results from incomplete fusion of the paramesonephric ducts? | Bicornuate uterus |
With DHT, what does the genital tubercle develop into? | Glans penis, Corpus spongiosum |
With Estrogen, what does the genital tubercle develop into? | Glans clitoris, Vestibular bulbs |
With DHT, what does the urogenital folds develop into? | Ventral shaft of penis (penile urethra) |
With estrogen, what does the urogenital folds develop into? | Labia minora |
With DHT, what does the labioscrotal swelling develop into? | Scrotum |
With Estrogen, what does the labioscrotal swelling develop into? | Labia majora |
What is the bulbouretral glands derived from? | Urogenital sinus |
What is the Prostate gland derived from? | Urogenital sinus |
What is the greater vestibular glands derived from? | Urogenital sinus |
What is the Urethral and para-urethral glands derived from? | Urogenital sinus |
What is the congenital abnormality that is caused by failure of the urethral folds to close? | Hypospadias |
What is the congenital abnormality that is caused by the faulty positioning of genital tubercle? | Epispadias |
Why is it important to fix hypospadias? | To prevent UTI |
Which part of the umbilical cord functions to remove nitrogenous waste from fetal bladder. | Urachus |
Which aortic arch forms the : part of Maxillary artery | 1st Arch |
Which aortic arch forms the : Stapedial artery and hyoid artery | 2nd Arch |
Which aortic arch forms the : common Carotid artery and proximal part of internal carotid artery | 3rd Arch |
Which aortic arch forms the : aortic arch (on left) and proximal part of right subclavian artery (on right) | 4th Arch |
Which aortic arch forms the : proximal part of pulmonary arteries and (on left only) ductus arteriousus | 6th Arch |
Which primary brain vesicle form : Cerebral hemisphere | Telencephalon |
Which primary brain vesicle form : Thalamus, hypothalamus, pineal gland, neurohypophysis, and eye | Diencephalalon |
Which primary brain vesicle form : Midbrain | Mesencephalon |
Which primary brain vesicle form : Pons | Metencephalon |
Which primary brain vesicle form : Cerebellum | Metencephalon |
Which primary brain vesicle form : Medulla | Myelencephalon |
Which primary brain vesicle form : Aqueduct | Mesencephalon |
Which CNS disease is associated with low folic acid intake during pregnancy? | Neural tube defects |
Which neural tube defect presents as : Tuft of hair. Normal levels of alpha-feto protein, asymptomatic | Spina bifida occulta (failure of bony spinal cxanal to close, but no structural herniation) |
Which neural tube defect has the meninges herniating through spinal canal defect, but no spinal cord herniation. | Meningocele |
Which neural tube defect has both the meninges and spinal cord herniate through spinal canal defect? | Myelomeningocele |
Dx : Forebrain anomaly which is caused by decreased seperation of hemispheres across midline. Results in cyclopia. | Holo-pros-encephaly |
Dx : Forebrain anomaly which is caused by malformation of anterior end of neural tube. Has polyhydramnios and elevated AFP. | Anencephaly |
Dx : Forebrain anomaly which is caused by decreased seperation of hemispheres across midline. Results in cyclopia. | Holo-pros-encephaly |
Dx : Forebrain anomaly which is caused by malformation of anterior end of neural tube. Has polyhydramnios and elevated AFP. | Anencephaly |
Dx : Posterior fossa malformations which is caused by cerebellar tonsillar herniation through foramen magnum with aqueductal stenosis and hydrocephaly. | Chiari type II |
Dx : Posterior fossa malformation which often presents with syringomyelia, and thoracolumbar myelomeningocele. | Chiari type II |
Dx : Posterior fossa malformation which has absent cerebellum with cyst in its place. Has large posterior fossa too. | Dandy-Walker syndrome |
Dx : Cape-like, Bilateral loss of pain and temperature in upper extremities with preservation of touch sensations. | Syringomyelia |
Syringomyelia is most common at which vertebra level? | C8 - T1 |
Branchial arch 1 derivatives is supplied by which cranial nerve? | CN V2 and V3 |
Branchial arch 2 derivatives is supplied by which cranial nerve? | CN VII |
Branchial arch 3 derivatives is supplied by which cranial nerve? | CN IX |
Branchial arch 4 and 6 derivatives is supplied by which cranial nerve? | CN X |
Dx : Mandibular hypoplasia, facial abnormalities | Treacher Collins syndrome (1st-arch neural crest fails to migrate) |
Dx : Fistula between tonsillar area, Cleft in lateral neck | Congenital pharyngocutaneous fistula |
Stylopharngeus is innervated by which CN nerve? | GlossoPHARYNGEAL nerve |
Which branchial cleft develops into the external auditory meatus? | 1st cleft |
Which branchial pouch develops into : Middle ear cavity, eusthachian tube, mastoid air cells | 1st pouch |
Which branchial pouch develops into : Epithelial lining of palatine tonsils | 2nd pouch |
Which branchial pouch develops into : Inferior parathyroids | 3rd pouch (dorsal wings) |
Which branchial pouch develops into : Thymus | 3rd pouch (ventral wings) |
Which branchial pouch develops into : Superior parathyroid | 4th pouch (dorsal wings) |
Dx : Thymic aplasia and hypocalcemia | Di-George syndrome |
Malleus, incus and stapes develops from which branchial arch? | Malleus and incus = 1st arch Stapes = 2nd arch |
Which CN innervate tensor tympani? | CN V3 |
Which CN innervate Stapedieus | CN VII |
Which CN is responsible for a) sensation to the anterior 2/3 of tongue? b) taste to the anterior 2/3 of tongue? | a) CN V3 b) CN VII |
Which CN is responsible for a) sensation to the posterior 1/3 of tonue? b) taste to the posterior 1/3 of tongue? | Mainly via CN IX, extreme posterior via CN X |
Which CN is responsible for motor innervation of tongue? | CN XII |
Dx : Mass in midline neck, move with swallowing | Thyroglossal duct cyst |