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Module 26

Forgetting, Memory Construction, and Improving Memory

QuestionAnswer
What is an inability to form new memories? anterograde amnesia
What is an inability to retrieve old memories? retrograde amnesia
What is proactive interference? the disruptive effect of something you already have learned on your efforts to learn or recall new information
What is retroactive interference? the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old knowledge
What is repression? an example of motivated forgetting in that anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories are prevented from entering consciousness
In psychoanalytic theory, what is the basic defense mechanism? repression
What is the misinformation effect? the tendency of eyewitnesses to an event to incorporate misleading information into their memories of the event
What is source amnesia? also called source misattribution, it refers to attributing an event to the wrong source
What is deja vu? the false sense that you have already experienced a current situation
Without the ability to ______, we would constantly be overwhelmed by information. forget
People who cannot form new memories can learn _____ ______. nonverbal tasks
Studies by Ebbinghaus and Bahrick indicate that most forgetting occurs ____ after the material is learned. soon
When information that is stored in memory temporarily cannot be found, ___________ _____________ has occurred. retrieval failure
Freud proposed that motivated forgetting, or _______, may protect a person from painful memories. repression
Research on memory construction reveals that memories reflect what? a person's biases and assumptions
Hypnotically "refreshed" memories may prove inaccurate because of what? memory construction
How would you describe the typical forgetting curve? a rapid initial decline in retention becoming stable thereafter
Amnesia victims typically have experienced damage to the ______ of the brain. hippocampus
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