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Module 27
Thinking
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| cognition | all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating information |
| concept | a mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, or people |
| prototype | a mental image or best example of a particular category |
| algorithm | a methodical, logical rule or procedure that, while sometimes slow, guarantees success |
| heuristic | a simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgments and solve problems efficiently |
| insight | a sudden and often novel realization of the solution to a problem |
| trial and error | contrasting process to insight and often precedes insight |
| confirmation bias | an obstacle to problem solving in which people tend to search for information that supports their preconceptions |
| mental set | refers to the tendency to continue applying a particular problem-solving strategy even when it is no longer helpful |
| intuition | an immediate, automatic, and effortless feeling or thought |
| availability heuristic | based on estimating the probability of certain events in terms of how readily they come to mind |
| overconfidence | refers to the tendency to overestimate the accuracy of our beliefs and judgments |
| belief perseverance | the tendency for people to cling to a particular belief even after the information that led to the formation of the belief is discredited |
| framing | refers to the way an issue or question is posed and can affect people's perception of the issue or answer to the question |
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