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A&P 5&6 Study Guide
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what are the 4 major types of tissue? | Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, Nervous |
| Cells that are tightly packed with little extracellular matrix | Epithelial |
| What tissue binds, supports, and protects other tissues and organs? | Connective |
| This tissue may be spindle-shaped, branching or cylindrical it also moves the skeleton or organ walls? | Muscle |
| This tissue contains neurons and glial cells | Nervous |
| Characteristics of Epithelial Tissue | Apical surface and a basal surface( bound to a basement membrane) Avascular Undergo Cell division frequently |
| Squamous | Flat or squished cells |
| Cuboidal | cube shaped cells |
| Columnar | column shaped cells |
| Transitional | can change shape |
| What are the two type of Glands | Endocrine Exocrine |
| This gland secretes their products (hormones) DIRECTLY into blood | Endocrine |
| Secretes through a duct to the epithelial surface. Examples are sweat glands, mammary glands, and salivary glands. | Exocrine |
| Package their secretions into secretory vesicles and release secretions by EXOCYTOSIS. Examples include salivary glands, some sweat glands. | Merocrine glands |
| Produce their secretions by the apical membrane around a portion of the glandular cell cytoplasm PINCHES off. Examples are mammary glands, and ceruminous glands of the ear. | Apocrine Gland |
| Formed cells that accumulate a product and the entire cell DISINTEGRATES. Example the olil producing gland in the skin (sebaceous glands) | Holocrine Gland |
| What connective tissue is highly vascular? | Bone |
| What connective tissue is poorly vascular? | Dense regular connective tissue. |
| What connective tissue is avascular? | Cartilage |
| What are the resident cells (stationary) | Fibroblasts Adipocytes Mesenchymal Cells Fixed macrophages |
| What resident cells produce fibers and ground substance | Fibroblasts |
| What resident cells store fat | adipocytes |
| what resident cell is a stem cell that divides to repair tissue damage | mesenchymal |
| what resident cell phagocytize damaged cells or pathogens | fixed macrophages |
| What are the wandering cells (move) | Mast cells Plasma Cells Free macrophages |
| What wandering cell secret heparin to inhibit blood clotting and histamine to dilate blood vessels | Mast Cells |
| What wandering cells produce antibodies | plasma cells |
| what wandering cell phagocytize damaged cells or pathogens | free macrophages |
| what are the protein fibers | collagen fibers reticular fibers elastic fibers |
| what protein fiber is strong, flexible, resist stretching (tendons and ligaments) | Collagen fibers |
| what protein fiber is thin, has branching framework that is tough and flexible (lymph nodes, liver, spleen) | Reticular fibers |
| what protein fiber can stretch and recoil easily (skin, arteries, lungs) | elastic fibers |
| Non cellular material that may be viscous (blood), semisolid (cartilage), or solid (bone) | Ground substance |
| What are the body membranes | Mucous membrane (mucosa) Serous membrane Cutaneous membrane (skin) Synovial membrane |
| This membrane lines area that open to the external environment (digestive, respiratory, urinary, reproductive tracts) and its functions include absorption, protection, and secretion | Mucous membrane (mucosa) |
| This membrane lines body cavities that typically do not open to the external environment (pleura, pericardium, peritoneum) its also produces serous fluid for lubrication | Serous membrane |
| This membrane cover the external surface of the body. Its functions include protecting internal organs and preventing water loss | Cuataneous membrane (skin) |
| This membrane lines some joints in the body. It also secretes synovial fluid to reduce friction among moving bodies | Synovial membrane |
| What does the integumentary system include | Skin Nails Hair Sweat Glands and Sebaceous glands |
| What are the two layers of the skin | Epidermis and Dermis |
| What layer is the superficial layer of the skin | Epidermis |
| What cells divide to generate new cells and replace dead _________ shed at the surface | Keratinocytes |
| Where can you find thick skin | Palms of hands and soles of feet |
| Where can you find thin skin | Most of the body except palms and soles. |
| This is composed primarily of dense irregular connective tissue with collagen fibers. | Dermis |
| What are the two layer of the Dermis | Papillary layer (closest to the epidermis) Reticular layer. |
| What are the functions of the Integument | Protect Prevention of water loss and water gain Metabolic regulation Secretion and absorption Immune function Temperature regulation Sensory reception |
| Hair is found everywhere on the body except for these places | Palms of the hands, palmar surface of the fingers, soles of the feet and toes, the lips, and parts of the external genitalia |
| What are the three phases of hair growth | Anagen Catagen Telogen |
| Where can merorine (eccrine) be found | Widely distributed |
| Where can Apocrine glands be found | around the nipples, axillae , pubic and anal regions. |
| Where is the secretion for merocirne glands | Surface of the skin |
| Where is the secretion for apocirne glands | hair folicles |
| What is the method of secretion for merocrine glands | secrete sweat by exocytosis |
| what is the method of secretion for apocrine gland | secrete viscous product containing proteins and lipids by exocytosis it is thick and has proteins and lipids in them |
Created by:
alexisfrost
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