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Chapter 4
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| General Adaptation Syndrome | biological response to prolonged or excessive stress, developed by Hans Selye in 1976. |
| Alarm reaction | First stage of the general adaptation syndrome that prepares the body for challenge or stress; Walter Cannon called this the flight or fight reaction- heightened arousal |
| Resistance or adaptation stage | Second stage of the general adaptation syndrome in which body tries to renew spent energy and repair damage |
| Exhaustion stage | Third stage of the general adaptation stage in which there is exhaustion of bodily resources, the parasympathetic branch of the ANS takes over and slows breathing and heart rate |
| Emotion-focused coping | taking measures to immediately reduce the impact of a stressor such as denial or withdrawing from the situation, may use denial or avoidance |
| Wish fulfillment | the use of fantasies to escape problems to cope i.e. thinking about what might have been |
| Problem-focused coping | examining the stressors and seeing what one can do to change or modify them |
| Self-efficacy expectations | expectations that one has about their abilities to cope with challenges |
| Adjustment Disorder | maladaptive response to a distressing life event or stressor that develops within 3 months of the onset of the stressor such as a traumatic or nontraumatic event that causes significant impairments and emotional distress. |
| Types of adjustment disorders | Include adjustment disorders with depressed mood, anxiety, mixed anxiety and depressed mood, disturbance of conduct, mixed disturbance of emotion and conduct and unspecified |
| Acute stress disorder | for a period of 3 days to 1 month following exposure to a traumatic event. Symptoms are: disturbing memories or dreams about the trauma, flashbacks, dissociation, avoidance, difficulty sleeping and development of irritable or aggressive behavior |
| Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) | a prolonged maladaptive reaction that lasts longer than one month after the traumatic experience that may persist for several months or years |
| Factors that may lead to the development of PTSD | 1. Direct exposure to trauma 2. Gender- women are more likely to develop it 3. Genetics 4. Childhood sexual abuse 5. Lack of social support 6. Limited coping skills |
| Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) | pairs eye movement with recall of traumatic memories that is repeated until the client is desensitized to the emotional impact of the trauma |
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