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What 3 checks can we use to decide whether an animal is healthy or ill?
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Why is it important to observe an animal before handling it?
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Animal Care Unit 1 A
Understanding the signs of good and ill health in animals
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What 3 checks can we use to decide whether an animal is healthy or ill? | Daily visual checks, weekly physical checks, weight checks |
| Why is it important to observe an animal before handling it? | To minimise stress to the animal |
| Why should we check the animal's daily record? | To see whether there are any changes in behaviour and health |
| When is it best to observe rather than handle an animal? | When it is pregnant, ill, very young, aggressive or poisonous |
| Small changes in an animal's daily behaviour could be early signs of what? | More serious illness in the animal |
| Why is it important to observe an animal in a stress free state? | To get a more accurate observation |
| Why is it important to observe an animal when it is stressed? | To know what animals look like when they are stressed |
| Why is a visual temperament assessment important? | It can tell us when an animal should not be handled for a physical check |
| The choice of restraining equipment for an animal can depend on what? | The animal's temperament - whether it is playful, scared or aggressive for instance |
| What is NORMAL behaviour for a DOG/CAT? | alert behaviour (looking around, responding to noise) with minimal fear |
| What is ALERT BEHAVIOUR? | looking around, responding to noise, observing surroundings and being curious |
| How does a dog or a cat behave when it is ill? | aggressive, fearful and/or stressed |
| What are signs of AGGRESSION in dogs/cats? | bared teeth, growling, hissing |
| What are signs that a dog /cat is stressed? | panting, salivating, shedding of fur, lip licking, hiding, avoiding eye contact, low body posture, sweating from paws |
| What is NORMAL behaviour for a RABBIT? | Responds to sound and the surroundings |
| How does a RABBIT behave when it is ill? | It withdraws from the group, is lethargic (no energy) and does not respond to noise or touch |
| What are the signs that a RABBIT is stressed? | Enlarged eyes, tense body posture, ears laid back (flat against the body), growling, rapid breathing and flinches when touched |
| What is NORMAL behaviour for a GOAT? | Moving around while grazing and responding to the surroundings |
| How does a GOAT behave when it is ill? | Lethargy, withdrawal from the herd, loss of appetite and excessive noise |
| What are the signs that a GOAT is stressed? | Increased butting, increased bleating, pawing at ground/stomping of hooves, withdrawal from herd and loss of appetite |
| What is NORMAL behaviour for CHICKENS? | Moving around, scratching at the ground, dust bathing, feeding frequently, responsiveness to surroundings, inquisitiveness |
| How does a CHICKEN behave when it is ill? | Lethargy, loss of appetite, excessive vocalisation and withdrawing from the flock |
| What are the signs that a CHICKEN is stressed? | Increased vocalisation, pacing, loss of appetite, and aggression |
| What is NORMAL behaviour for a BEARDED DRAGON? | Responsive to movement, bask under heat lamps, move about the enclosure or coil up in their hide |
| How do bearded dragons THERMOREGULATE? | They move to a warmer area when cool and to a cooler area when too warm |
| How does a BEARDED DRAGON behave when it is ill? | Mouth gaping open, excessive hissing and puffing up in defence |
| How can you tell when a BEARDED DRAGON is overheating? | Its mouth is wide open |
| What are the signs that a BEARDED DRAGON is stressed? | Loss of appetite, lower levels of activity, erratic shedding of skin, increased aggression |
| What visual signs tell us that an animal is in pain? | Vocalisation, hunched posture, reluctance to move, slow movements, not using a limb or limping. Holding limbs or head in an unusual position or to one side. |
| What colour is healthy urine in DOGS, CATS and GOATS? | Light straw colour |
| What colour is heathy urine in RABBITS? | Light staw colour with red/orange tinges |
| If there is blood or pus in the urine, what does this tell us? | That the animal has a bladder or kidney infection |
| What are URATES? | A semi-solid product passed by CHICKENS and BEARDED DRAGONS - a combination of urine and faecal matter (poo) |
| How can you tell that an animal is ill just by looking at their faeces(poo)? | There is blood, worm segments or foreign objects in it. The animal may have difficulty in passing the faeces (poo). |
| What does healthy DOG/CAT faeces (poo) look like? | Well formed and cigar shaped, dark brown in colour |
| What does unhealthy DOG/CAT faeces (poo) look like? | Changes in colour (including pale, very light brown, or green). Blood in it. Liquid or light mousse in texture. |
| What do the 2 types of healthy RABBIT stools (poo) look like? | 1. Individual well-formed pellets - round, dry in texture and dark brown 2. Caecotrophs - smaller, sticky, round, dark brown pellets often clumped together |
| Why should you NOT see caecotrophs (small, sticky, round pellets) in a healthy rabbit enclosure? | These are eaten by the rabbit as soon as they are passed from the anus |
| What are caecotrophs? | Small, sticky, round faecal (poo) pellets which are passed and immediately eaten by the rabbit |
| What does healthy GOAT faeces (poo) look like? | Small, well-rounded dark brown individual pellets |
| What does unhealthy GOAT faeces (poo) look like? | Loose and pale in colour |
| What does healthy BEARDED DRAGON and CHICKEN faeces look like? | It consists of two different coloured sections: white urates (or crystallised urea) and the darker section (or faeces) |
| What does unhealthy BEARDED DRAGON and CHICKEN faeces look like? | Pale or very light brown or green with blood in it. A very liquid or light mousse texture. |
| How do we carry out food and water checks? | Make sure the animal has eaten the food provided. Monitor the food and water intake over time. |
| What visual signs would suggest that the animal may need a further health check? | Discharge from eyes or nose, signs of excessive scratching and bald patches/damaged scales or skin |
| What does a body condition score of 1 mean? | Ribs, spine and pelvic bones are easily visible, obvious loss of muscle mass, no palpable fat on the chest |
| What does a body condition score of 2 mean? | Ribs, spine and pelvic bones visible, obvious waist, minimal abdominal fat |
| What does a body condition score of 3 mean? | Ribs, spine and pelvic bones not visible but easily palpable (felt through skin), obvious waist, little abdominal fat |
| What does a body condition score of 4 mean? | Ribs, spine and pelvic bones are hardly palpable, waist is absent, heavy abdominal fat deposits |
| What does a body condition score of 5 mean? | Massive fat deposits over chest, spine and abdomen, lack of waist, distended abdomen. |
Created by:
MmeLightfoot
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