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What are quantitative tests?
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Why are quantitative tests best carried out at a veterinary practice?
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Animal Care Unit 1A3
Quantitative Checks
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are quantitative tests? | Accurate measurements of an animal's health |
| Why are quantitative tests best carried out at a veterinary practice? | They have specialist equipment to get accurate readings and diagnosis |
| What is a weight assessment used for? | To assess weight gain and loss |
| How does the age of an aimal affect its weight | Very young animals gain weight rapidly. Older animals may start to lose weight |
| How does pregnancy affect the weight of an animal? | Female animals should gradually gain weight in the early stages of pregnancy |
| How does ill health affect the weight of an animal? | Animals may rapidly gain or lose weight during ill health |
| How often should DOGS, CATS, RABBITS, CHICKENS and BEARDED DRAGONS be weighed? | Once a month |
| How often should a GOAT be weighed? | Every six months to one year |
| When should an animal be weighed more frequently? | If it has been identified as being unwell, weekly monitoring may be recommended |
| What must we do the scales before placing an animal on them? | Scales must be zeroed prior to animal being put/walking onto them |
| How should we weigh a BEARDED DRAGON? | Place it in a pillow case and then put it on weighing scales |
| How can we weigh a GOAT? | By using specialist small crush cages. |
| A cat or a rabbit may not stay still long enough to weigh it accurately, what can we do? | Use restraint/transport equipment. The weight of this equipment is taken off the final measurement |
| What are TPR checks? | Temperature, Pulse and Respiration |
| When are TPR checks carried out? | When we think an animal is ill |
| How do we take the temperature of birds and mammals? | Rectally with a digital thermometer |
| How is temperature measured? | In degrees Celsius |
| What must we do before using a thermometer | Check that it is in good working order: it has a battery and the battery has enough power. Check casing for any cracks or damage. Make sure it's clean, sterile and disinfected. Check that it is a suitable size for the animal. |
| What is the process for taking temperature of DOGS, CATS, RABBITS, GOATS and CHICKENS? | Restrain animal securely. Apply a small amount of lubricant to the bulb end of the thermometer. Insert thermometer gently into the anus with a gentle twisting action. Hold in position for 30–60 seconds. Remove, clean and read temperature. |
| Name three possible abnormalities in the temperature of DOGS, CATS, RABBITS, GOATS and CHICKENS | Hyperthermia, pyrexia and hypothermia |
| What is hyperthermia? | Raised temperature that could be caused by heat stroke, exercise, pain or seizures |
| What is pyrexia? | Fever that could be caused by bacterial or viral infection, or severe pain |
| What is hypothermia? | Reduced body temperature which could be caused by shock, circulatory collapse or just prior to giving birth. |
| What is the process for taking the temperature in BEARDED DRAGONS? | The body temperature of bearded dragons is not monitored because they are ectothermic. A rectal thermometer MUST NOT be used. |
| Bearded dragons are ECTOTHERMIC, what does this mean? | They require an external heat source to maintain their body temperature. The temperature of their enclosure should be monitored to ensure it is within the guideline temperature range |
| How do we know when a BEARDED DRAGON is too warm? | It stands with mouth open (gaping) |
| How do we know when a BEARDED DRAGON is too cold? | It is rigid and not moving around enclosure or eating. |
| How is the pulse measured? | In beats per minute (BPM) |
| What does BPM stand for? | Beats per minute |
| Where can you find an animal's pulse? | At any point where an artery runs near the surface of the animal’s skin. |
| Where is the FEMORAL pulse found? | On the inside of the thigh in the groin area |
| Where is the DIGITAL pulse found? | At the back of the paw between the stopper pad and the metacarpal pad |
| Where is the COCCYGEAL pulse found? | On the underside of the tail near the base |
| What are the three types of pulse? | Femoral, digital and coccygeal |
| Why must we use our fingers to check for a pulse, not our thumb? | Because there is a faint pulse in the human thumb |
| What is the process for taking an animal's pulse? | Restrain the animal. Find the artery with the fingers. Apply firm pressure to the artery using at least two fingers. Count the pulsations for 1 minute (using stopwatch/watch to time). |
| What can cause abnormal pulse rates in animals? | Anxiety, stress, illness, shock, exercise |
| What can cause slow heart rates in animals? | Sleep, unconsciousness or hypothermia |
| What can cause high heart rates (tachycardia) in animals? | Stress, pain, early shock, exercise, excitement and fear. |
| How is respiration (breathing) measured in animals? | Breaths per minute |
| What is the process for measuring respiration in animals? | Observe the animal when at rest (not sleeping or panting). Watch the movement of the chest, counting either breaths in or out (but not both) for 1 minute |
| What are the three types abnormalities in animal pulse rates? | Bradypnoea, tachypnoea and dyspnoea |
| What is bradypnoea? | Slow or decreased breathing rate caused by sleep, unconsciousness or hypothermia |
| What is tachypnoea? | Rapid or increased breathing rate caused by stress, pain, fever, exercise, excitement and fear |
| What is dyspnoea? | Difficulty in breathing (dyspnoea) which can be caused by obstruction, chest trauma or chest infection. |
| Which tests can only be carried out by vets? | Egg count, detailed blood test, urine test, TPR checks |
| Why should certain tests only be carried out by vets? | To ensure the accuracy of the readings and because the tasks are complex |
| What is an egg count? | Every 3–6 months, faecal (poo) samples will need to be collected and sent to a veterinary surgeon to be screened for intestinal parasites to ensure that worm preventative treatments are working. |
| What does a detailed blood test check for? | Bacteria, increased white blood cell count, calcium levels, magnesium levels and sugar levels |
| What does a urine test check for? | Blood, sugar and bacteria |
| What is TPR? | Temperature, pulse and respiration |
Created by:
MmeLightfoot
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