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Biology Unit 1
Unit 1 S+F of Cells, DNA, Proteins,Homeostasis, Immune Sy+Pathogens (R)
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Parasite | An organism that lives in or on another organism (host) Ex. Fleas, tick, lice , Etc.. |
| Bacteria | Damages your cells, reproduces asexually. Ex. Strep, ear infections. Etc... |
| Antibiotics | Against living things |
| Fungus | Spreads easily, reproduces asexually. Ex. Athletes foot, ring worm. Etc... |
| Virus | Can only reproduce if they use your cells, cannot be killed by medicine or antibiotics |
| Antibody | White blood cell can inactivate antigens, antibodies are Y shaped |
| Helper T-Cells | Stimulates B-Cell to make antibody and gets killer T-Cells ready. |
| White Blood Cells | Controls your body looking for pathogens or foreign invaders. |
| Function of the Immune System | To keep your body safe from pathogens and maintain homeostasis |
| How allergies affect the immune system | Causes and immune response to a harmless substance, creates swelling, itchy eyes, hives. Etc... |
| How Auto immune disorders affect the immune system | Causes immune response to kill your own cells, also causes damage to your cell and they don't work properly |
| How HIV/Aids affect the immune system | Causes a virus to attack your T-White Cells or immune system, then there is no defense system so the simplest pathogen can kill us. |
| The Villi | Is part of the digestive system interacting with capillarities |
| The Alveoli | Is part of the respiratory system interacting with capillaries of the circulatory system to put oxygen into and remove carbon dioxide from the blood |
| The Capillaries | Is part of the circulatory system interacting with all cells and then with the kidney, skin, alveoli of the excretory system |
| Nervous and Endocrine system | 2 systems that communication occurs the most |
| Location and Function of the villi | Located in the small intestine digests nutrients, glucose, amino acids, are absorbed and diffused from the villi to the capillaries of the blood stream |
| Increase in villi = | increase in the surface area =increase in absorption of the nutrients |
| Location and Function of the Alveoli | Located in lungs, responsible for oxygen and Co2 exchange from the alveoli to the blood stream or capillaries. |
| Increase of aveoli = | increase of surface area= maximum change of Co2 |
| Function of the capillaries | Pick up waste from our cells and deliver them to our excretory organs. Capillaries connects the cells, and it allows for exchange of nutrients, oxygen, and waste. |
| How neuron messages get from one neuron to the next | The neurons line up to send messages throughout the body, then chemicals called neurotransmitters are released into the the synapse so the message can be sent. Chemical attach to the receptors based on shape and can then communicate their message. |
| How do the glands send messages to organs | The endocrine system uses glands that make hormones that travel in the blood to match the receptors on the cells so the message can deliver |
| Nervous System Functions for sending messages | Message is released by a neuron, uses neurotransmitters, message is sent through synapse, structure and shape is important, receptor receives messages. |
| Endocrine System Functions for sending messages | Message is released by a gland, messages is in a form of a hormone, message is sent using the blood, structure and shape is important, receptor receives messages. |
| Examples of an organism maintaining homeostasis | Sweating to cool down your body, the urge to urinate so you can remove waste from your body, blinking to regulate water in your eyes |
| Fear response | Nervous System, neurotransmitter, adrenal gland, hormone or adrenal in the blood = lungs increased breathing or increased heart rate or liver releases glucose in the blood. |
| Levels of organization | Atoms, elements, organelle, cells, tissues, organs, organ system |
| Difference between plant an animal cell | Chloroplast and the cell wall is only found in plant cells |
| Nucleus | Brain of the cell |
| Cell Membrane | Controls what enters and exits the cell, communicates with other cells |
| Ribosome | Makes protein through protein synthesis |
| Mitochondria | Powerhouse of the cell, makes energy for the cell through cellular respiration |
| Cytoplasm | Gel-like substance that fills the cells, chemical reactions occurs here |
| Vacuole | Stores waste, water, and food for the cell |
| Chloroplast | Makes food for the plant cells through photosynthesis |
| Cell Wall | Protects the cells, gives the shape |
| 8 Life processes of living organisms. | Nutrition, Transport, Excretion, Cellular Respiration, Synthesis, Growth Development, Reproduction, Regulation |
| 3 Life processes that MOVE materials into, through or out of the cell or organism | Nutrition, transport, and excretion are the 3 life processes that involve the cell membrane. |
| 4 Life processes that use ingested materials and create waste | Cellular Respiration, Synthesis, Growth Development, Reproduction, Regulation are the 4 processes that involve the Nucleus expect cellular respiration |
| Nucleus Organelle | Cell, nucleus, chromosome, DNA, gene |
| In the DNA | C-G A-T G-C T-A |
| In the MRNA | C-G and G-C but A replaces T and U replaces A |
| The directions of DNA for our traits | 1 Gene DNA codes for 1 protein and based on it's shape it gives us 1 trait |
| MRNA | is the copy or a different version of the DNA |
| Order of DNA and the traits of an organism | DNA Based sequence, amino acids, protein shape, protein function, trait |
| Enzymes | Speed up reactions build up and breakdown molecules |
Created by:
katie_7703
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