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Anatomy/Physiology

3rd-4th Anatomy/Physiology 11 Mrs. Eastham's class

QuestionAnswer
Contractility Ability of Skeletal muscles to shorten
Excitability capacity of Skeletal muscle response to stimulus
Extensibility Ability to be stretched
Elacity ability to recoil
Epimysium surrounds muscles
Facia Surrounds and separates muscle
Perimysium Loose connective tissue surrounds bundle of muscle
Fibers Muscle cells
Endomysium surrounds muscle fibers
Myrofibrils Threadlike structure; extends from end to end of fibers
Actin Myofilaments thin myofilaments
myosin myofilaments Thick myofliaments
sarcomeres joined end to end to form myofibril
Resting membrane Potential charge difference across the membrane
Action potential brief reversal back of the charge
Motor neurons carry action potential to skeletal muscle fibers
Neuromusclular Junction branch that connects to the muscle forms
Synapse Neuromusclular Junction
Motor unit single motor neuron
Presynaptic terminal enlarged nerve terminal
synaptic cleft Muscle cell
Postsynaptic termjnal Muscle fiber
Synaptic vesicles secretes acetylcholine
Acetycholine contract
acetycholinesterase relax
Sliding filament echanism Sliding actin past myosin during contraction
Muscle Twitch contration of entire muscle
Threshold when a muscle responds to a stimulus
All-or-nothing response muscle contract maximally
lag phase time between stimulus and contraction
contraction phase time of the contraction
relaxation phase time during which muscle relaxes
tetany muscle stays contracted
recruitment number of muscle units being activated
Creatine phosphate high energy molecule
anaerobic Respiration without oxygen
aerobic with oxygen( most efficient)
oxygen debt increased respiration to replenish creatine phosphate stores
Muscle Fatigue when atp is used faster than it can be produced
isometric when tension changes but muscle does not
Isotonic when muscle changes but tension does not
Muscle tone constant tension produced by muscles of body for long periods of time
fast-twitch fibers Contract quickly but fatigue quickly
slow twitch fibers contract slowly buy fatigue slowly
origin most stationary end of muscle
insertion end of muscle going greatest movement
belly muscles on bewteen head and insertion
synergist muscles that work together to accomplish a movement
antagonist muscles that work in opposition
prime mover muscle that play a major role in movement
Occipitofrontalis raises the eyebrow
orbicularis oculi closes eyelid
orbicularis oris puckers lips
Buccinator flattens cheeks
zygomaticus smiling muscles
levator labii superioris sneering
Depressor anguli oris frowning
mastication chewing
Mastication muscles 2 pair of pterygoids, temporalis and masseter
Intrinsic Tongue Muscles change the shape of the tongue
extrinsic tongue muscles move the tongue
Sternocleidomastoid rotates and abducts the head
platysma pulls the corners of the mouth inferiorly
erector spinae keeps back straight and the body erect
external intercostals elevate the ribs during inspiration
internal intercostals contract during forced expiration
Diaphragm aids in breathing
Trapezius rotates scapula
serratus anterior pulls scapula anteriorly
pectoralis major adducts and flexes arm
Latissimus dorsi medially rotates adducts and extends the arm
deltoid major abductor of the upper limb
Triceps brachii extends the forearm
Biceps brachii flexes forearm
Brachialis flexes forearm
Brachioradailis flexes and supinates the forearm
flexor carpi flexes the wrist
extensor carpi extends the wrist
flexor digitorum flexes the fingers
extensor digitorum extends the finger
gluteus maximus buttocks
Quadriceps extends the leg
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