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Chapter
Nervous System
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Neurons | Specialized cells in the nervous system that control behavior, senses, and movement. |
| Glial Cells | Cells that support the function of neurons. |
| Dendrites | Parts of a neuron that receive information from other neurons. |
| Axons | Part of a neuron that sends neurotransmitters to other neurons. |
| Synapse | Components that make up a connection between neurons that includes an axon terminal, postsynaptic terminal, and synaptic cleft. |
| Interneuron | Neuron with the soma and axon found within the same structure. |
| Sensory Neuron | Neuron that conveys sensory information via axons TO the central nervous system. |
| Motor Neuron | Neuron that conveys motor information via axons FROM the centra nervous system. |
| Oligodendrocyte | Glial cell that forms a material called myelin around the axons of neurons. |
| Astrocyte | Glial cell that plays a role in the forming the blood-brain barrier, facilitating neuronal function and responding to injury. |
| Gliosis | Process involving the swelling of glia cells in response to injury. |
| Microglial cell | Glial cell that removes normal cellular waste and serves as an immune cell in the central nervous system. |
| Somatic Nervous System | System responsible for delivering voluntary motor signals from the central nervous system to muscles throughout the body and for conveying sensory information from the body to the central nervous system. |
| Autonomic Nervous System | System that controls involuntary movements for vital functions, such as heartbeat, breathing, and swallowing. |
| Sympathetic Nervous System | System that prepares the body for rigorous activity by increasing heartbeat, inhibiting digestion, and opening airways, among many other involuntary functions. |
| Parasympathetic Nervous System | Subsystem of the autonomic system that is dominant during relaxed states, including decreases in heartbeat, stimulation of digestion, and the closing of airways. |
| Cerebral cortex | The surface of the brain; comprising gyri and sulci. |
| Medulla | Structure that controls the autonomic nervous system and is situated where the spinal cord meets the hindbrain. |
| Hypothalamus | Structure found in the forebrain that maintains important physiological conditions, in part by motivating an organism's behavior. |
| Limbic System | Series of structures that together appear to form a ring around the thalamus and hypothalamus. |
| Nucleus accumbens | Limbic system structure that facilitates reinforcing effects. |
| Occipital lobe | Region of the cerebral cortex important for processing visual information. |
| Temporal lobe | Region of the cerebral cortex important for processing auditory information and supporting language comprehension and production. |
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bakercd
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