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Genetics
7th grade Genetics Test
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Genetics | The scientific study of heredity |
| Heredity | The passing of characteristics/traits from parents to offspring |
| Genes | The code in the DNA that determines what will be passed on to offspring. Coding for a trait. |
| Inherit | Receiving characteristics or traits from parents |
| Trait | A characteristic that is inherited and can be either recessive or dominant |
| Dominant | An observed trait that can be expressed with only 1 allele and will mask a recessive allele if it is present |
| Recessive | An observed trait that need 2 alleles to be present, otherwise the dominant allele will mask the trait and it will not be expressed |
| Homozygous | Has 2 of the same alleles (also known as purebred) |
| Homozygous Recessive | Has 2 lower case letters |
| Heterozygous | A trait with a dominant allele and a recessive allele (ie: Bb) Also known as a hybrid |
| Alleles | Variations of a gene - lower case and upper case letters |
| Phenotype | Physical expression of a trait |
| Genotype | Inherited alleles - the code |
| Probabiltiy | The likelihood of possible combinations of offspring |
| Punnett Square | A chart that shows all possible combinations of alleles for offspring |
| Meiosis | A process of cell division that occurs in sex cells (gametes) resulting in 4 daughter cells with 23 chromosomes each. The 4 daughter cells have uniquely different combinations than each other or the parent cell |
| Mitosis | A process of cell division that occurs in body cells (somatic) resulting in 2 daughter cells with 46 chromosomes each (all have identical chromosomes to each other and the parent cell) |
| Sex Cells | Sperm and egg - Gametes |
| Chromosomes | Organized DNA and proteins - human cells have 46 |
| Crossing Over | Chromosomes are lined up in homologous pairs and transfer or exchange genetic information between them. This happens in Prophase I. |
| Nondisjunction | When chromosomes don't separate correctly and a cell receives too ma y or too few chromosomes. |
| Somatic Cells | Body cells |
| Centromere | Holds the chromatids together - also a good way to identify how many chromosomes there are |
| Diploid | Two sets of chromosomes, one from each parent. |
| Haploid | Half the number of original chromosomes |
| Zygote | Fertilized egg. |
Created by:
edags
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