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APES MID TERM Review
APES MID TERM
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| in every ____ people worldwide suffers from an iron deficiency. | 5 |
| Woody plants that are vines supported by trees are called ____. | lianas |
| Treeless, bitterly cold most of the year, long and dark winters, low-growing plants, and permafrost are characteristics of which of the following? | tundra |
| Scientists are now able to produce desirable traits in some organisms by adding, deleting, or changing segments of its DNA. This process is known as ____. | genetic engineering |
| Which statistic is not true of women globally? | Women have more children if they are educated. |
| The zone in which you would expect to find deposit feeders along with oysters, clams, and sponges is the ____. | abyssal zone |
| How do the tropical rain forest differ from the temperate deciduous forest? | Deciduous forests have a slower rate of decomposition than rain forests. |
| About ____ of the wood harvested globally each year is burned directly for fuel or converted to charcoal fuel. | 50% |
| Heat is best characterized as a kind of ____ energy. | kinetic |
| In recent years, jellyfish blooms have ____. | been rising in numbers |
| Between 1955 and 2012, the global total fertility rate (TFR) dropped from in less-developed countries from 5 to what level? | 2.4 |
| All physical forms of water (solid, liquid, and gas) on or near the earth’s surface make up the ____. | hydrosphere |
| Hemp requires fewer pesticides and yield more pulp per hectare. What other source of pulp provides this benefit? | kenaf |
| Which of the following is classified as a freshwater aquatic life zone? | rivers |
| From the ____ point of view, parasites are harmful, but from the ____ perspective, parasites can promote diversity. | host’s; population’s |
| Aerobic respiration requires ____. | glucose and oxygen |
| What term refers to the process of repairing damage caused by humans to the biodiversity and ecosystem services provided by ecosystems? | ecological restoration |
| Species that provide early warnings of damage to a community or an ecosystem are called ____. | indicator species |
| What is an example of low-quality energy? | heat in the ocean |
| The very necessary process of breaking down the dead bodies of organisms is a function of ____. | detritivores |
| The earth’s biodiversity is determined by the balance between ____. | speciation and extinction |
| Egg pulling refers to ____. | collecting eggs from the wild and hatching them |
| What is the best explanation for why tropical regions normally receive more precipitation than other areas of the globe? | Increased heating increases local evaporation. |
| Demographers estimate the human population in 2050 to be between 7.8 and 10.8 billion - a range of three billion. Why is the estimated range so wide? | Projections are made by a variety of organizations. |
| The ocean zone that covers the continental shelf is the ____. | coastal zone |
| Which term describes species that play crucial roles in helping to keep their ecosystems functioning? | keystone |
| Which of the following does not describe an element of an ecological niche? | the place where the species lives |
| Organisms that feed only on plants are called ____. | herbivores |
| Which human activity is least likely to be a major threat to marine systems? | sinking of ships to create artificial reefs |
| Humans have built dams and levees on many of the world’s rivers to control water flows. These structures ____. | cause major river deltas to sink |
| Rapidly growing countries have an age structure diagram that ____. | has a broad-based pyramid |
| The single ocean on the earth is divided into four parts by the continents. Which of the following is not one of those parts? | Baltic |
| The most far-reaching and controversial environmental law ever adopted requiring the identification of endangered and threatened species is ____. | the Endangered Species Act |
| Which of the following does not belong with the others? | taiga, cold forests, boreal forests, evergreen coniferous forests, tropical rain forests |
| The variety in the genetic makeup of individuals in a population is known as ____. | genetic variability |
| Because birds live in every climate and biome, and because they are easy to track and count, they serve as excellent ____. | indicator species |
| In the IPAT equation, the ‘P’ stands for _____. | population size |
| What is an end product of anaerobic respiration? | acetic acid |
| Which activity is least likely to be involved with the sustainable management of freshwater fisheries? | facilitating the introduction of commercially important nonnative species |
| Worldwide, AIDS is the leading cause of death for people _____ years of age. | 15-49 |
| The matter and energy laws tell us that we can recycle ____. | matter but not energy |
| What circumstance would decrease the likelihood of a couple having a child? | Opportunities for women to participate in education and employment |
| The typical percentage of high quality energy loss in transfers from one trophic level to the next is about ____. | 90% |
| The replacement-level fertility rate is ____ for developed countries and ____ for developing countries. | 2.1; 2.5 |
| Four of the following are ecological and economic services provided by inland wetlands; one is not. Choose the one that is not. | stopping the recharge of groundwater aquifers |
| Kelp forests are composed of large concentrations of a(n) ____. | Seaweed |
| Overgrazing occurs when too many animals graze for too long and exceed the carrying capacity of a rangeland area. Overgrazing causes all of the following except ____. | increased retention of water |
| Matter is anything that ____. | has mass and takes up space |
| Today, the ____ is among the most threatened of all species in the world, with only 1,600 to 3,000 individuals left in the wild. | giant panda |
| What are amphibians? | vertebrates that live part of their lives in water and part on land |
| Ocean pollution from plastic items dumped from ships and garbage barges, and left as litter on beaches, kills up to ____ sea birds each year. | 1,000,000 |
| Which of the following is an example of an organic compound? | CH4 |
| Under certain circumstances, natural selection can lead to an entirely new species. a process called ____. | speciation |
| In lakes, large numbers of decomposers are found in the ____. | benthic zone |
| Oysters, sea stars, and lobsters would be considered what type of organism? | benthos |
| Large regions characterized by a certain climate and dominant plant life are called ____. | biomes |
| An ion has a net positive or negative ______. | charge |
| We know that the introduction of nonnative species often results in unforeseen consequences. This indicates that when introducing nonnative species, we would be well advised to apply the | precautionary principle |
| Several key factors help to determine the types and numbers of organisms found in the various layers of both freshwater and marine systems. What is not one of these? | algal bloom |
| Which of the following represents kinetic energy? | water in a stream |
| The loss of a(n) ____ can lead to population crashes and extinctions of other species in a community that depends on them for certain ecosystem services. | keystone species |
| Plantation agriculture is a form of high-input agriculture that involves growing cash crops and is primarily used in ____. | tropical, less-developed countries |
| The earth has sustained life for ____ years. | 3.5 billion |
| What is the term for the portion of the earth's atmosphere, hydrosphere, and geosphere where life is found? | biosphere |
| What is a result of phosphate rich runoff from land? | increased growth of algae in streams, lakes, and other water bodies |
| What is not one of the ecosystem services of rivers? | remove silt that accumulates in deltas |
| Scientists classify energy as either ____. | potential or kinetic |
| Overnutrition and undernutrition are both key factors in which of the following health problems? | lower life expectancy |
| High quality energy is constantly ____. | becoming low quality energy |
| Women are least likely to have fewer and healthier children when ____. | they marry at a young age |
| Which of the following is a method of grassland restoration? | use of portable fencing to confine cattle to ungrazed areas |
| All nonrenewable resources can theoretically be ____. | exhausted or depleted |
| The exponential rate of growth of the total human population over the past 100 years has been a result of ____. | sharp drop in death rates |
| What term describes the large-scale weather phenomenon that occurs when prevailing winds in the Pacific Ocean weaken, resulting in above average warming? | ENSO |
| The use of transmitters and GPS systems are very important in the study of ____. | endangered species |
| A species with a broad niche is considered a(n) ____. | generalist species |
| Although they only occupy 0.2% of the ocean floor, coral reefs provide many benefits. Which of the following is not one of these? | They provide significant free oxygen. |
| In lakes, the nutrient-rich water near the shore is part of the ____. | littoral zone |
| What process adds water until the water table rises and envelops the deep roots of plants, resulting in a loss of productivity and ultimately killing them? | waterlogging |
| There are ____ limits to population growth in nature. | always |
| If grass stores 1,000 energy units received from the sun, the ecological efficiency of the ecosystem is 10%, and the trophic levels are grass → cow → human, how many units of energy does the human receive of the original 1,000 units? | 10 |
| What refers to the ability of a living system to be restored after a period of moderate to severe disturbance? | resilience |
| What percentage of the world’s grain production is used to make biofuels such as ethanol for cars? | 20% |
| Which U.S. state is leading the way in establishing marine protected areas where fishing will be banned or strictly limited? | California |
| What species is one of the biggest threats to the Great Lakes? | sea lamprey |
| A high incidence of AIDS in a country is least likely to result in a(n) ____. | increase in life expectancy |
| In some habitats, the extinction of certain amphibian species could lead to the ____ of certain species of other amphibians, aquatic insects, reptiles, birds, fish, and mammals. | extinction |
| By 1900, white-tailed deer populations in the U.S. were reduced to about ____, but now, since laws have been passed to protect them and their natural predators have nearly been eliminated, their population is over ____ in the U.S. | 50,000; 25 million |
| Slash and burn agriculture is a type of ____. | traditional subsistence agriculture |
| The estimate of the background extinction rate is thought to be too low. Which explanation for why the estimate may be low is false? | The growing human population is using fewer resources per person. |
| An urban area where people have little or no easy access to nutritious food without traveling long distances is called a(n) ____. | food desert |
| What law states that when matter undergoes a physical or chemical change, no atoms are created or destroyed? | The law of conservation of matter |
| Fossil fuels and minerals are found in the ____. | geosphere |
| The greatest marine biodiversity is located ____. | in coral reefs |
| Which of the following is not a type of inland wetland? marshes, littoral, swamps, prairie potholes, Arctic tundra | littoral |
| A jellyfish would be considered a type of ____. | zooplankton |
| The energy "lost" by a system is ____. | converted to lower-quality energy |
| The rate at which extinctions occurred prior to the evolution of modern humans is called the ____. | background extinction rate |
| CITES is a(n) ____. | treaty controlling the international trade in endangered species |
| Plants such as bromeliads share a commensalism interaction with large trees in tropical and subtropical forests by attaching to the trunks or branches of the trees. The bromeliads are an example of ____. | epiphytes |
Created by:
ccarlough
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