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Science Vocabulary
Science Vocabulary-Lessons 1-4- Chapter 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Cells | forms the parts of an organism and carries out all of its functions |
| Microscope | is an instrument that makes small objects look larger |
| Cell Theory | is a widely accepted explanation of the relationship of cells and living things |
| Cell Wall | is a rigid layer that surrounds the cells of plants and some other organisms |
| Cell Membrane | controls which substances pass into and out of a cell |
| Nucleus | acts as a cell's control center, directing all of the cells activities |
| Organelles | carries out specific functions within a cell |
| Ribosomes | are small grain-shaped organelles that produce proteins |
| Mitochondria | converts energy stored in food to energy the cell can use to live and function |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum | often called the ER, is and organelle with a network of membranes that produces many substances |
| Golgi Apparatus | receives proteins and other newly formed materials from the ER, packages them, and distributes them to form other parts of the cell or to the outside of the cell |
| Vacuole | stores water, food, or other materials needed by the cell |
| Chloroplast | captures energy from sunlight and changes it to a form of energy cells can use in making food |
| Lysosomes | contains substances that break down large food particles into smaller ones |
| Multicellular | made of many cells |
| Unicellular | single-celled organisms |
| Tissue | is a group of similar cells that work together to perform a specific function |
| Organ | is made of different kinds of tissues that function together |
| Organ System | is a group of organs that work together to perform a major function |
| Elements | any substance that cannot be broken down into smaller substances |
| Compounds | form when two or more elements combine chemically |
| Carbohydrates | energy- rich organic compounds made of the elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen |
| Lipids | are compounds that are mostly made of carbon and hydrogen and some oxygen |
| Proteins | are large organic molecules made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and, in some cases, sulfur |
| Enzymes | speed up chemical reactions in living things |
| Nucleic Acids | are very long organic molecules |
| DNA | is the genetic material that carries information about an organism and is passed from parent to offspring |
| Double Helix | the shape of a DNA molecule |
| Selectively Permeable | that some substances can cross the membrane while others cannot |
| Passive Transport | the movement of dissolved materials across a cell membrane without using the cell's energy |
| Osmosis | is the diffusion of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane |
| Diffusion | is the process by which molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration |
| Active Transport | is the movement of materials across a cell membrane using cellular energy |
| Endocytosis | the cell membrane changes shape and engulfs the particle |
| Exocytosis | allows large particles to leave a cell |
Created by:
grace12345
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