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Gene Idea Vocab

Genetics

QuestionAnswer
P1 parent generation
F1 the first generation from the P1
F2 the second generation
genetics the study of how characteristics are transmitted from parents to offspring
complete dominance a cross between PP x Pp, all offspring will be dominant
incomplete dominance occurs when 2 or more alleles influence the the phenotype, resulting in a phenotype intermediate between the dominant and recessive trait. neither allele is completely dominant over the other
codominance both alleles are expressed in a heterozygous offspring
phenotype the appearance of an organism
genotype the genetic make-up of an organism
monohybrid cross a cross between individuals that individuals that involves one pair of contrasting traits Rr x Rr
trait scientific name for a characteristic
allele alternate form of a gene
dominant RR or Rr
law of independent assortment MENDELS 2ND LAWEach Allele pairs segregates independently during gamete formation, applies when genes for 2 characteristics are located on different pairs of homologous chromosomes.
law of segregation MENDELS 1ST LAWallele pairs are separated during the formation of gametes, and randomly reformed as pairs during fuasion or gametes at fertilitzation.
dihybrid cross a cross between individuals that involves the pairing of contrasting traits RR x WW
genotypic ratio ratio of the the genotypes that appear in the offspring
heterozygous Rr
homozygous RR or rr
phenotypic ratio the ratio of the offsprings' pheonotypes
probability the likelihood that a specific event will occur
test cross the crossing of an individual of unknown genotype with a homozygous recessive individual to determine the unknown genotype
heredity the transmission from parents to offspring
Character A feature capable of beeing inherited
Trait Each Variant for a character
True-Breeding Plants that produce offspring of the same variety when the y self pollinate.
Pedigree A Family Tree which describes and illustrates how a disease inherited trait is carrie3d through a family.
Pleiotrophy The ability of a single gene to have multiple effects.
Polygenic Pertaining to two or more genes. As opposed to monogenic. Eye color is polygenic. It is by determined by a number of genes.
Sickle-Cell Disease Human genetic disease of red blood cells. Caused by subst. of single amno acid in the hemoglobin portein. Most common inherited disease among African Americans.
Created by: sng4fd
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