Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.

Normal Size Small Size show me how

ch1-4 anatomy

ch1-4

Question	Answer
density demonstrated on a film is	degree of blackening
contrast is primarily controlled by	kv
contrast is secondary controlling factor is	mAs
immobilization devices prevent what type of motion	volountary
short exposure controls what type of motion	involountary
if IR is angled at the head the angle is called	cephalic
who discovered x-rays and when	wilhelm conrad roentgen nov.8, 1895
device that has lead shutters, restricts beam	collimator
what plane divides the body into right and left halves	midsagittal
which body habitus fits 35% of people	hyposthenic
what body habitus is 50%, muscular, longer lung field	sthenic
name a pivot joint	c1-c2, radioulnar
name position when x-ray tube is overhead and patient is lying on table in oblique position with right side closest to the table	RPO
what side of the patient is prodominently down during a lateral decubitus	left
external landmark of the iliac crest	L4-L5
axial skeleton refers to what part of the skeleton	spine/ribs/skull
another term for AP oblique	LPO
left lateral decub could be	AP/PA projection
which geometric factors cause magnification or distortion	IR alignment, CR alignment, OID,SID
focal spot size is a controlling factor for what	resolution
smallest element of the matrix is a	pixel
why are the shoulders rolled forward on a PA chest	remove scapulas from lung field
in a PA chest CR is directed to level of	T-7
why are chest X-rays done from a 72in distance	prevent magnification
you can detect rotation on a PA chest by	SCJ, distance from spinal processes to pedicles
rotation on a Lateral chest is determined by	left posterior ribs are longer than right posterior ribs
why is a PA upright preferred over AP upright	less heart magnification from PA
what is the range of kV for a chest radiograph	100-130 kVp
the angle of the CR for a patient in a bed or wheel chair	sternum body
muscles located on either side of lumbar vertebral column that determines proper density on an abdomen	psoas muscles
a three way abdomen series consists of	AP upright w/40SID, AP supine w/40SID, erect chest 72SID
kVp range for abdomen radiograph is	70-80
what is an alternate abdominal image for a patient unable to stand for the upright	L lateral decub
what anatomy must be demonstrated on a supine abdomen that is not necessary demonstrated on the supine image	symphis pubis
where do you position the CR for a supine abdomen	Iliac crest
where do you position the CR for an upright abdomen	2" above the iliac crest
radiographs of the abdomen are taken on what type of respiration	expiration
name the ten body systems and one function for each	endocrine hormones muscular postureskeletal support tissue integumentary skinreproductive reproduce organismrespiratory eliminates CO2digestive eliminates wasteurinary regulate fluid circulatory body tempnervous electric impulse
four classification of bones and example for each	long-humerus, femurshort-tarsals, carpalsflat-scapula, sternumirregular-pelvis,vertebrae
what part of the bone produces red blood cells	medullary
what are the primary and secondary growth centers	periosteum, secondary is ephysis until age 25
classification of joint functions	synarthrosis-immovablamiarthrosis-limited movementdiathrosis-freely movable
classification of joint structures and examples	fibrous-(no movement)skull, roots of teethcartilaginous-(limited movement)ephysis,symphysis pubis,disk spacesynovial(contains fluid)-freely movable 1st carpometacarpal, interphalageal,hip
types of joint movements and example of anatomy demonstrating movement	plane-intercarpal joints, carpometacarpal hinge-elbow and 2-5 digitspivot-C1-C2, distal radioulnarellipsoidal-wristsaddle-1st carpalmetacarpal(thumb), ankleball-n-socket-shoulder, hipbicondylar-mandibular, knee
what is a projection	direction, path of central ray
what is a position	general body position, terms include planes or sections
term for image of anatomical parts	radiograph
minimum number of projections are	if joints are of interest 3, pelvis 1-unless hip injury, 2-for determining positioning routines
how are radiographs to be viewed	hang so patient is facing viewer in anatomical position, digits hung up, decubs with side up marker,
what are the exposure factors	kV, mA, exposure time
what is the purpose of compensating filters	filter out portion of primary beam to dense parts
controlling factors for contrast	scatter, close collimation, grids
what makes a long scale low contrast image	high kV
another name for sharpness and its controlling factors	resolution small focal spot, motion, SID,OID
if objects look misrepresented in size or shape they are and the controlling factors	distorted OID,SID,CR alignment
another name for density	blackness
what is the 15% rule	up your kV 15%, then 1/2 mAs
name 6 quality factors for digital	brightness-replaces densitycontrast-difference in light and dark areasresolution-sharpnessdistortion-SID,OID,CR alignmentExposur index-value recieved by IR (dependent on mAs,kV, area radiatedNoise-obsecures image clarity, high SNR is desirable
what are some post processing options on Digital	windowing-contrast&brightnesssmoothing-brightness, closer pixelsmagnification-magnifyedge-enhancement-increase brightnesssubtraction-cut off back round anatomyimage reversal-light-to-darkannotation-add text to image
cr system consists of	image plates, reader, workstation
digital imaging has more or less repeats	less, because radiograph can be manipulated by post processing options
three muscles visible on abdomen radiograph	2-psoas muscles and diaphram
what are the major organs of the digestive system	oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach,small intestine,lg intestine
what major organs of the digestive system are also part of the respitory system	oral cavity and pharynx
pharynx turns into	esophagus
what are the accessory organs of the digestive system and their function	pancreas-produces insulinliver-produces bile, largest solid organ of bodygallbladder-stores bile
urinary system consists of	kidneys-eliminates excessive water from blooduteter-goes to bladderbladder-stores urineurethra-volountary controlsuprarenal glands
what are the seven landmarks for the abdomen	xiphoid process,inferior costal rib margin (t9-t10_,iliac crest L4-L5,ASIS,greater trochanter,symphis pubis, ischial turbosity
what is ascites	accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity
post-op abdomen holds air for how long	2-3wks after surgery
what projections for a 3-way acute series	AP supine,AP erect,PA chest
what projections for a 2-way acute series	AP supine,AP erect or L lateral decub
how many projections for a KUB, what is of interest for a KUB	1, kidneys,uterer,bladder
name the nine regions	right hypochondriac, epigastric,L hypochondriacR lateral lumbar,umbilical,L lateral lumbarR iliac,hypogastric,L iliac
what is contained in the retroperitoneal cavity	adrenal glands,kidneys,pancreas,duodenum,ascending colon,descending colon,ureter
what is contained in the intraperitoneal cavity	liver,gallbladder,spleen,stomach,jejunum,ileum,cecum,transverse and sigmoid colon
what is contained in the infraperitoneal cavity	bladder,reproductive organs,rectum
three landmarks for a chest projection	C-7,jugular notch, xiphoid process
bony thorax consists of	sternum,manbrium,xiphoid process,2 clavicles,2 scapulae,twelve pair of ribs,twelve thoracic vertebrae
Respitory system is made of what four parts of anatomy	pharynx,trachea,bronchi,lungs
when diaphram moves down what happens to the volume of the thorax	increases
larynx is the voice box and what prominence	laryngeal
the thyroid is sensitive to exposure, why is it so unique	stores hormones,regulates metabolism,regulates body growth,and nervous system
bronch split at what level of thoracic vertabrae	T4 or T5
the lowest margin of the separation of the trachea into R and L bronchi	carina
how many lobes in the right lung,and name them	3, superior or upper,middle,inferior or lower
what is air or gas present in the pleural cavity called	pneumothorax
Pleura is made up of 3 parts	outer-parietal,middle-pleura cavity,inner-viscreal
upper area above clavicles	apex
Chest radiograph important structures	apex,sternoclavicular joints, hilum,diaphram,costaphrenic angles,heart
four radiographically important structures located inside the mediastinum are	thymus gland,heart and great vessels,trachea,esophagus
hearts location in reference to the sternum	body of sternum,or 5-8 thoracic vertabrae
how many ribs should be shown in an adult radiograph	10
what are some patient preparations	removal of opaque objects,remove long hair or braids form field,oxygen lines or leads should be removed from field
anything over a certain kVp requires a grid, what kVp	100
for geriatric patients a special consideration is necessary because they have shallow lung fields	higher CR location
if only 8-ribs are shown the exposure could have been taken on inspiration or expiration	expiration
three reasons chests are done erect	diaphram moves down-liver and other organs move down air and fluid levels visible-air rises, fluid gravitates to lowest positionprevent engorgement of vessels
what is kyphosis	hump back curvature
what is the purpose of chin extension	chin and neck not superimposed on uppermost lung region
CR location on a chest	hand spread methodmale 8in. and female 7in
what is atelectasis	collapse lung
increase exposure for these conditions	atelectasis,pleural effusion,RDS
where do you collimate	outer skin margins
what is in the RUQ	liver,gallbladder,R hepatic flexure,duodenum,head of pancreas,R kidney,R suprarenal gland
what is in the LUQ	spleen,stomach,L splenic flexure,tail of pancreas,L kidney,L suprarenal gland
what is in the RLQ	ascending colon,appendix,cecum,ileocecal valve,2/3 of ileum
what is in the LLQ	descending colon,sigmoid colon and 2/3 of jejunum
what is ileus	non mechanical bowel obstruction
anode heel effect basic concept	more intense under cathode
example of high contrast,short scale	50kV 800mAs
how do you increase contrast	close collimation reduces scatter for better quality radiograph
body parts measuring over what require a grid	10CM
what will happen on the sides of a radiograph if your focal spot is to large	penumbra-unsharp edges of objects
what are the exposure factors for pediatric patients	use pigg-o-stat,60-70 kV
summarize resolution factors	small focal spot,increase SID,decrease OID
the least amount of distortion is seen at	the CR
some advantages of DR over CR	DR eliminates cassettes,imaging processing is shorter,reduced exposure factors
what is the PACS	Picture,Archiving,Communication,Systemconnection of various equipment that are able to communicate and transmit images and information

Created by: mharvey

Popular Radiology sets

Medical Terminology 1-6

A cumulative run through physics in Radiology

Abdomen Review

Chest Positioning

Radiographic Exposure

Contrast info, Density info

Upper Extremities

X-Ray Tube

Cervical/Thoracic Spine

Radiology Terminology

Mock Fluoro Exam

ARRT registry review covering Unit 5: Radiation Protection

"Know" box contains:
Time elapsed:
Retries: