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Learning_5
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| aversion therapy | A form of behavior therapy that attempts to reduce the attractiveness of a desired event by associating it with an aversive stimulus. |
| compensatory-response model | A model of conditioning in which a CS that has been repeatedly associated with the primary response (a-process) to a US will eventually come to elicit a compensatory response (b-process). |
| counterconditioning | The procedure whereby a CS that elicits one type of response is associated with an event that elicits an incompatible response. |
| flooding therapy | A behavioral treatment for phobias that involves prolonged exposure to a feared stimulus, thereby providing maximal opportunity for the conditioned fear response to be extinguished. |
| incubation | The strengthening of a conditioned fear response as a result of brief exposures to the aversive CS. |
| overexpectation effect | The decrease in the conditioned response that occurs when two separately conditioned CSs are combined into a compound stimulus for further pairings with the US. |
| preparatory-response theory | A theory of classical conditioning that proposes that the purpose of the CR is to prepare the organism for the presentation of the US. |
| preparedness | An evolved predisposition to learn certain kinds of associations more easily than others. |
| reciprocal inhibition | The process whereby certain responses are incompatible with each other, and the occurrence of one response necessarily inhibits the other. |
| Rescorla-Wagner theory | A theory of classical conditioning that proposes that a given US can support only so much conditioning and that this amount of conditioning must be distributed among the various CSs available. |
| S-R (stimulus-response) model | As applied to classical conditioning, this model assumes that the NS becomes directly associated with the UR and therefore comes to elicit the same response as the UR. |
| S-S (stimulus-stimulus) model | A model of classical conditioning that assumes that the NS becomes directly associated with the US, and therefore comes to elicit a response that is related to that US. |
| selective sensitization | An increase in one's reactivity to a potentially fearful stimulus following exposure to an unrelated stressful event. |
| stimulus-substitution theory | A theory of classical conditioning that proposes that the CS acts as a substitute for the US. |
| systematic desensitization | A behavioral treatment for phobias that involves pairing relaxation with a succession of stimuli that elicit increasing levels of fear. |
| temperament | An individual's base level of emotionality and reactivity to stimulation that, to a large extent, is genetically determined. |
Created by:
Moody
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