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09 Ch2 vocab

QuestionAnswer
Diffusion the movement of particles from regions of higher density (concentration) to regions of lower density (concentration).
Osmosis the diffusion of water through a semipermeable membrane.
Semipermeable a type of barrier that allows certain materials to pass, but blocks others.
passive transport the movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of energy.
active transport the movement of substances across a cell membrane that requires the cell to use energy.
Endocytosis the process by which a cell membrane surrounds a particle and encloses the particle in a vesicle to bring the particle into the cell.
Exocytosis the process in which a cell releases a particle by enclosing the particle in a vesicle that then moves to the cell surface and fuses with the cell membrane.
Photosynthesis the process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to make food.
Cellular respiration the process by which cells use oxygen to produce energy from food.
Fermentation the breakdown of food without the use of oxygen.
cell cycle the life cycle of a cell.
Chromosome in a eukaryotic cell, one of the structures in the nucleus that are made up of DNA and protein; in a prokaryotic cell, the main ring of DNA.
Homologous chromosomes chromosomes that have the same sequence of genes and the same structure.
Mitosis in eukaryotic cells, a process of cell division that forms two new nuclei, each of which has the same number of chromosomes.
Cytokinesis the division of the cytoplasm of a cell.
Created by: wheels0
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