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Chabner Ch.10- Patho
Nervous System: Pathology, Laboratory, Clinical
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Absence Seizure | form of seizure consisting of momentary clouding of consciousness and loss of awareness of surroundings |
| Alzheimer Disease | brain disorder marked by gradual and progressive mental deterioration, personality changes, impairment of daily functions |
| Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) | degenerative disorder of motor neurons in spinal cord and brainstem |
| Aneurysm | enlarged, weakened area in an arterial wall, may rupture, leading to hemorrhage and CVA (stroke) |
| Astrocytoma | malignant tumor of astrocytes (glial brain cells) |
| Aura | peculiar sympton or sensation occuring before onset (prodromal) of an attack of migraine or an epileptic seizure |
| Bell Palsy | paralysis on one side of face |
| Brain Tumor | abnormal growth of brain tissue and meninges |
| Cerebral Angiography | X ray imaging of arterial blood vessels in brain after injection of contrast material |
| Cerebral Concussion | type of traumatic brain injury caused by blow to head |
| Cerebral Contusion | bruising of brain tissue resulting from direct trauma to head |
| Cerebral Hemorrhage | blood vessel breaks and bleeding occurs. Type of stroke |
| Cerebral Palsy | partial paralysis and lack of muscular coordination caused by loss of oxygen or blood flow to cerebrum during pregnancy or in perinatal period |
| Cerebrospinal Fluid Analysis | samples of CSF are examined. Measures protein, glucose and RBC/WBC |
| Cerebrovascular Accident | disruption in normal blood supply to brain; Stroke |
| Computed Tomorgraphy | computerized x ray technique that generates multiple images of brain and spinal cord |
| Dementia | mental decline and deterioration |
| Demyelination | destruction of myelin on axons of neurons (as in multiple sclerosis) |
| Dopamine | CNS neurotransmitter, deficient in patient with Parkinson disease |
| Doppler Ultrasound Studies | sound waves detect blood flow in carotid and intracranial arteries |
| Electroencephalography | recording of the electrical activity of the brain |
| Embolus | clot of materials that travels through bloodstream and suddenly blocks a vessel |
| Epilepsy | chronic brain disorder charactierized by spontaneously and recurrent seizure activity |
| Gait | manner of walking |
| Glioblastoma | most malignant form of astrocytoma |
| Herpes Zoster (shingles) | viral infection affecting peripheral nerves |
| HIV Encephalopathy | brain disease and dementia occurring with AIDS |
| Huntington Disease | hereditary disorder marked by degenerative changes in cerebrum leading to abrupt involuntary movements and mental deterioration |
| Hydrocephalus | abnormal accumulation of fluid CSF in the brain |
| Ictal Event | pt. to sudden, acute onset, as with the convulsions of an epileptic seizure |
| Lumbar Puncture | CFS withdrawn from b/w two lumbar vertebrae for analysis |
| Magnetic Resonance Imaging | magnetic field and pulses of radiowave energy create images of brain and spinal cord |
| Meningitis | inflammation of meninges; leptomeningitis |
| Meningocele | meninges protrude to the outside of the body |
| Migraine | severe, recurring, unilateral, vascular headache |
| Mulitple Sclerosis | destruction of myelin sheath on neurons in the CNS and its replacement by plaques of sclerotic (hard) tissue |
| Myasthenia Gravis | autoimmune neuromuscular disorder characterized by weakness of voluntary muscles |
| Occlusion | blockage |
| Palliative | relieving symptoms but not curing them |
| Palsy | paralysis (partial or complete loss of motor function |
| Parkinson Disease | degeneration of neurons in basal ganglia, occurring in later life and leading to tremors, weakness of muscles, and slowness of movement |
| Positron Emission Tomorgraphy | Radioactive Glucose in injected and then detected in the brain to image the metabolic activity of cells |
| Shingles | blisters and pain spread along peripheral nerves and are caused by inflammation due to a herpesvirus |
| Spina Bifida | congenital defects in the lumbar spinal column caused by imperfect union of vertebral parts (neural tube defect) |
| Stereotactic Radiosurgery | use of a specialized instrument to locate and treat targets in brain |
| Thrombus | blood clot in arteries leading to the brain |
| Thymectomy | removal of thymus gland- lymphocyte producing gland in chest; used as treatment for myasthenia gravis |
| TIA | Transient Ischemic Attack; occur with all 3 types of strokes- thrombolytic, embolic, hemorrhagic |
| Tic | involuntary movement of small group of muscles, as of the face; character of Tourette Syndrome |
| Tonic-Clonic Seizure | Major convulsive seizure marked by sudden loss of consciousness, stiffening of muscles, and twitching and jerking movements |
| Tourette Syndrome | involuntary, spasmodic, twitching movements; uncontrollable vocal sounds; inappropriate words |
Created by:
jaclynn
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