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ScienceTest Exam
7th grade Final Test Exam
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Why do all objects fall to the Earth at a rate of (9.8m/s^2)? | Large mass takes longer to accelerate due to it's large mass "very lazy", small mass very quick to accelerate due to its small mass "less lazy" |
| How does air resistance affect the rate at which objects fall to the Earth? | Air resistance causes the speed of a falling object to decrease |
| What is orbital motion? | The combination of forward motion, constant speed and gravity. |
| What is Newton's First Law of Motion? | When an object is at rest, it will stay at rest. When an object is in motion it stays in motion unless acted on by an outside force. |
| What is Newton's Second Law of Motion? | The acceleration of an object depends on the mass of the object and the force applied. |
| What are the 2 factors that determine speed? | Distance and time |
| What is the difference between speed and velocity? | Speed is the distance an object moved object in the time in which the motion took place whereas, velocity is the speed of an object in a certain direction. |
| Forces are considered balanced when the net force is equal to which number? | 0 |
| What is friction? | A force that opposes motion between 2 surfaces that are moving |
| What is the Law of universal gravitation? | All objects attract each other because all objects have mass |
| What is mechanical advantage? | The number of times the machine multiplies the force |
| Why are machines not 100% efficient? | Some energy is always converted to Thermal energy due to friction |
| What information do you need to calculate how much work an activity is? | Force and Distance |
| What is the formula for calculating work? | W=F(d) |
| F(d)=f(D), what does this mean and how can you use it to explain how machines make work easier. | This shows a machine that allows you to do your input work over a smaller distance, but you have to exert a larger force. This machine made work easier by changing this into a smaller force over a big distance |
| What is a compound machine? | A machine made up of two or more machines |
| What is elastic potential energy? | The energy that is stored in an object when it is stretched or twisted |
| What is thermal energy? | All of the kinetic energy due to the random motion of the particles that make up an object. (HEAT) |
| When is the potential energy the greatest on a roller coaster? | At the top of the first hill |
| What is kinetic energy? | Energy of motion |
| What is mechanical energy? | The total energy of motion and position of an object |
| What is a cell? | Smallest unit that can perform all the processes necessary for life |
| What is a cell membrane? | A barrier that encloses and protects the cell |
| What is the cell theory? | 1. All living organisms are made of cells 2. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in all organisms 3. All cells come from previously existing cells |
| What does the mitochondria do? | Store and make energy |
| What is a cytoplasm? | The fluid inside of a cell |
| What does the nucleus do? | Controls and manages all cell activities |
| What is the purpose of muscles? | To help the body move |
| What are the three types of muscles and where are they found in the body? | Smooth muscles are found in the digestive tract and on the walls of blood vessels. Cardiac muscles are found only in the heart. Skeletal muscles are attached to bones. |
| What are the 4 functions of bones? | Protection, movement, blood cell formation and storage |
| What are tendons? | Strands of connective tissue that connect your bones to your skeletal muscles |
| What is bone marrow? | The material inside bones that make blood cells |
| What is the difference among the three main types of joints? | They all move differently |
| What systems work together during the process of respiration? | |
| What are the main parts of the cardiovascular system? | heart, arteries, capillaries, blood and veins |
| What is the function of the heart? | To pump blood |
| What are the parts of the respiratory system? | nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchus, lung and diaphragm |
| What happens during the process of inhalation? | The diaphragm contracts |
| In what organ does oxygen pass into the body? | Lung |
| What are the names of the upper/lower chambers of the heart? | Upper chambers are called Atria. The lower are called Ventricle |
| What are capillaries? What are some features that they have to help with the exchange of gases? | Capillaries are tiny blood vessels that allow an exchange between blood and cells in other tissues, they have very thin walls |
| What is the functions of the esophagus? | Squeezes food down to the stomach |
| What are the two types of digestion? | Mechanical and digestion |
| Where do the broken down nutrients go? | the bloodstream |
| What does the liver store/process? | nutrients |
| What does the gall bladder store? | bile |
| What is the common name for the pharynx? | throat |
| What is Newton's Third Law of Motion | For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. All forces act in pairs. |
| What is a machine? | A device that makes work easier by changing the size or direction of the force |
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