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Earth Materials
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Compositional Layers | Structural layers of Earth defined by the materials from which they are made. |
Mechanical Layers | Structural layers of Earth defined on the basis of how materials act. |
Inner Core | The innermost layer of earth, composed of solid nickel and iron. It is shaped like a sphere and is the hottest region of Earth. |
Outer Core | A layer of liquid rock (mostly liquid iron and nickel) that lies beneath the mantle. |
Mantle | The region inside the Earth between the core and the crust. |
Crust | The outermost layer of Earth, made up of igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks that are mostly solid. |
Asthenosphere | The somewhat fluid portion of the mantle upon which the lithosphere is located. |
Lithosphere | The solid and rigid outer layer of the Earth consisting of the crust and the solid portion of the upper mantle; positioned between the atmosphere and the asthenosphere. |
Rock Cycle | The continual process by which rocks can be changed into different types of rock. |
Metamorphic Rock | A type of rock formed when igneous or sedimentary rocks are put under intense heat and/or pressure in the Earth's crust. |
Igneous Rock | A type of rock formed when crystalized through melting and cooling rock. |
Sedimentary Rock | A type of rock formed through the accumulation, compaction, and cementation of sediment. |
Cementation | Process of binding and hardening sediments into hard rock. |
Compaction | Process by which overlying pressure from rocks and soil reduces the size or volume of sediments. |
Core | The central region of the Earth; Primarily made of nickel and iron. |
Plasticity | The quality of being easily shaped or molded. |