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evol psy 307Ch12p380
evol psy 307Ch12p380-82
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| facial dominance is indicated by | prominent chin, heavy brow ridges, muscular face |
| West Point Cadets with dominant looking faces | reached higher ranks |
| high school male facial dominance, physical attractiveness and pubertal development | correlated with total number of sexual partners |
| testosterone treatments increased status of | low ranking cows and roosters |
| higher testosterone levels correlate with various | risk-taking behaviors |
| mismatch hypothesis | placing high testosterone individuals in low-status or low testosterone individuals in high-status positions creates stress and impairs cognitive performance |
| changes in status (winning) results in changes in | testosterone levels |
| testosterone may help winners by preparing them for | further challenges or a high status role |
| male waste to hip ratio (WHR) appears to be dependent on | testosterone levels |
| higher WHR males have | higher testosterone and are generally healthier, rated themselves as more assertive and were judged more leader-like and dominant |
| testosterone level was (especially with low cortisol levels) | positively correlated with dominance, but not prestige |
| women with high testosterone levels were judged as having | lower status and tended to overestimate their own status |
| Prozac | works by increasing serotonin in the brain |
| male vervet monkeys with high social rank had | almost twice as much serotonin in their blood as did low-ranking members |
| changes in monkey rank correlated to | changes in serotonin in their blood |
| higher ranking fraternity members had | 25% more serotonin than ordinary members |
| serotonin also mediates | status hierarchy position |
| correlates of dominance | athleticism, intelligence, physical attractiveness, humorousness and good grooming |
| sociometer theory (Mark Leary) | self-esteem is a gauge (or sociometer) of interpersonal relationships (other people's evaluations) |
| variation in self-esteem signals | an change in the degree to which one is socaily included and accepted by others |
| In EEA (environment of evolutionary adaptedness) failure to be accepted by others would have resulted in | isolation and premature death if one were forced to live without group protection |
| higher perceived inclusion by others was linked with | high self-esteem |
| self-esteem tracks | prestige, status and reputation |
| self-esteem evolutionary functions to maintain and increase actual status and reputation | motivation (improve relations and increase frequency of actions to raise respect when respect wanes) |
| self-esteem guides decisions about avoiding injury, banishment and death | whom to challenge and whom to submit to |
| self-esteem may have been valuable in | tracking one's desirability in the mating market |
| women exposed to physically attractive male photos evaluated themselves as | less desirable regardless of their SDO |
| men exposed to high dominant male photos rated themselves as | low in mating desirability |
| men exposed to physically attractive male photos rated themselves as | no differently in mating desirability |
| the link between mate value and self-esteem | seems to apply to men, not to women |
| acceptance or rejection by potential mates influences self-esteem which in turn influences | the quality of mate to which one aspires |
| some truthfulness in self-presentations of | one's status and esteem is often assumed unless labeled arrogant, conceited, haughty, vain, affected, pretentious inflated or presumptuous |
| females are more likely to use | appeasement and courtship gestures (smiling(46%), parading, showing neck, touching face, stroking hair) to negotiate with men |
| deceiving down involves avoiding wrath and keeping group membership by | an actual reduction of self-confidence to facilitate acting in a submissive, subordinate manner |
| tall poppy | one whose distinction, rank or wealth attracts envious notice or hostility |
| schadenfreude /ˈSHädənˌfroidə/ | experiencing pleasure in another's misfortune |
| tall poppy syndrome | the fact that people do not like and often criticize other people who are successful |
| people take pleasure in the fall of a tall poppy when | tall poppy high status salient, status not perceived as deserved, envy common if participants if domain important to participant Japanese and low self-esteem participants reported more delight |
| schadenfreude may serve to motivate | promoting tall poppy misfortunes |
| motivational states linked to submissive behavior | fear of harm to self and fear of harm to another person (guilt-based submission) |
| submissive strategies | hiding, escaping, remaining passive, signaling defeat, eliciting other's help, signaling agreeable and cooperative proclivities |
Created by:
james22222222
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