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Psych Unit 1

How the Nervous System Works

QuestionAnswer
Sigmund Freud His theory of the meaning of dreams was deemed by some psychologists to be an unsuccessful theory because it did not lead to many testable hypotheses.
Cerebral Cortex -Divided into 4 sections -Frontal Lobe, Parietal Lobe, Occipital Lobe, and Temporal Lobe
Frontal Lobe -Located at the front of the brain -Associated with reasoning, motor skills, higher level cognition, and expressive language -Damage can lead to increased risk taking.
Parietal Lobe -Located at the middle section of the brain -Associated with processing tactile sensory information -Damage can lead to problems with verbal memory
Temporal Lobe -Located on the bottom section of the brain -Important for interpreting sounds and the language we hear. -Hippocampus located here -Damage can lead to speech/memory problems
Occipital Lobe -Located at the back of the brain -Associated with interpreting visual stimuli and information -Damage can cause visual problems.
3 major components of the brain: Cerebrum, Cerebellum, Brainstem
Brainstem Controls breathing, digestion, heart rate, and other autonomic processes as well as connecting the brain with the spinal cord and the rest of the body.
Cerebellum Plays an important role in balance but also involved with attention.
Cerebrum (Forebrain) -Makes up 75% of the brain -Divided into 2 hemispheres -Cerebral Cortex -Thalamus -Hypothalamus -Pituitary Gland -90% of all brain neurons are located here
Plasticity A property that allows the brain to change as a result of experience, drugs, or injury.
Neurons -Cells in the nervous system that receive, integrate, and transmit signals. -3 types: sensory, motor, and interneurons.
2 Main nervous systems Central and peripheral
Afferent Neurons -Sensory -Transmit impulses from the periphery toward the central nervous system.
Efferent Neurons -Motor -Carry nerve impulses away from the central nervous system to muscles.
Parts of a Neuron Dendrites, cell body (soma), axon, myelin sheath
Dendrites Branches that detect information from other neurons.
Cell Body (Soma) Collects/processes information from other neurons.
Axon Long tube that carries electrical signals from the cell body to terminal buttons.
Myelin Sheath Fatty covering that insulates axon, speeding up the signal.
Resting Membrane Potential -Charge of the neuron when it's not active. -Negative charge
Sodium and Potassium Ions maintain the resting membrane potential via ion channels.
Action Potential Changes in neurons electrical charge.
Resting Membrane Potential -Cell is polarized -Negative Charge
Depolarization -Sodium rushes into the cell. -Cell is positively charged.
Repolarization -Potassium rushes out of cell. -Cell has a negative charge.
All-Or-None Principle Neurons fire with the same potency every time they fire -- can't partially fire.
Synapse Space between neurons.
Neurotransmitters Released chemicals that bind with receptors on the dendrites of the next neuron.
Lock and Key Analogy Only certain neurotransmitters bind with certain receptors.
Pre-Synaptic The one that releases a neurotransmitter in response to an action potential.
Post-Synaptic One that receives the neurotransmitter.
Types of Neurotransmitters Serotonin, Dopamine, and Acetylcholine
Serotonin Function: regulates emotional states and impulses
Dopamine Function: reward and motivation. Motor control over voluntary movement.
Acetylcholine Function: Motor control over muscles - learning and memory.
Genetics How traits, such as height or eye color, are passed to offspring.
Created by: angieskinner
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