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Microbio
microbiology
Question | Answer |
---|---|
1) What is the study of biology that is too small to be seen with the naked eye? | Microbiology |
2) What is a greenhouse gas that can be primarily produced by microorganisms? | Methane |
3) What is the term when microorganisms are used to clean up oil spills in the ocean? | Bioremediation |
4) What are 2 microorganisms that carry out photosynthesis? | Algae & Bacteria |
5) The term pathogenic means that microorganisms are what? | Harmful |
6) Who was the scientist that perfected microscope lenses & used the term animalcules? | Leeuwenhoek (remember Hooke looked first - Leeuwenhoek made it better!) |
7) When it comes to infectious disease, what is the number 1 cause of death? | Respiratory infections |
8) Who was the first scientist to link specific microorganisms with specific disease? | Robert Koch |
9) What is the term for orderly arrangement of organisms into groups that shows evolutionary relationships? | Phylogeny |
11) Start with the most inclusive (includes the most stuff) to the most exclusive taxonomic levels:(remember - Do kings play chess on fine grain sand) | Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species |
12) Who developed the 5-kingdom system that we use today? | Carl Woese |
13) Who disproved spontaneous generation by using the swan-neck flask experiment? | Pasteur |
14) What is the most common & most important monosaccharide that is the building block of starch, cellulose, and glycogen? | Glucose |
15) Membranes are made up of what? | Double-layers of phospholipids |
16) What does the primary structure of protein refer to? | The sequence of amino acids |
17) What is the building blocks of proteins? | Amino acids |
18) Enzymes are proteins that function as what? | catalysts (they increase biological reactions in cells) |
19) What is the most common process that links each subunit of monosaccharides into a macromolecule and forms polysaccharides? | Dehydration synthesis |
20) What is the term for complete absence of viable microbes? | Sterile |
21) What is the 5 I’s of microbiology? | Inoculation, Incubation, Isolation, Inspection, Identification |
22) What is a mound of cells grown from a select cell on a media called? | Colony |
23) What are the 3 states of media? | Liquid, Semi-solid, & Solid |
24) If one wanted to check the motility of bacteria, what type of medium would be used? | Semi-solid |
25) What type of medium has a composition that is chemically defined? | Synthetic |
26) What medium promotes the growth of a specific microbe while inhibiting growth of others? | Selective medium |
27) If a bacterium that was placed on a specific medium started out yellow and then turned hot pink with numerous colonies now growing, what type of medium was used? | Differential |
28) What type of medium would be used to deliver patient samples to a laboratory? | Transport |
29) What temperatures are generally used to grow bacterial species? | 20 & 45* C |
30) What 3 things identify microbes? | Appearance, morphology, biochemical reactions |
31) What type of stain is found when the microbe is clear against a dark background? | Negative |
32) What stain technique uses only one dye? | Simple |
33) In Gram staining, what color will the gram-negative specimen be? | Red (or pink) |
34) What type of stain is used for Mycobacterium tuberculosis? | Acid-fast |
35) For a patient with a smelly leg wound that is suspected to be Clostridium, what staining technique would be used? | Spore stain |
36) What is the most common light microscope that is used to view a specimen that is darker than its surrounding? | Bright-field |
37) What type of slide is prepared to check biochemical reactions? | Hanging drop |
38) Which of the following do prokaryotes have? | Nucleus, histones, organelles, ribosomes |
40) The selectively permeable cell membrane does what 2 things? | Regulates transport & metabolic activities |
41) What is the function of ribosomes? | Protein synthesis |
42) Where is chromosomal material located in a prokaryote? | Nucleoid |
43) A bacillus with flagella at both ends would be considered what? | Amphitrichous |
44) The flagellum is attached to the cell body by a? | Basal body |
45) What are spiral shaped bacteria that exhibit motility due to periplasmic flagella? | Spirochetes |
46) A conjugation pilus allows bacteria to do what? | Transfer genetic material |
47) What is the function of a Glycocalyx? | Aid in adhering to cell’s environment, aid in preventing phagocytosis, formation of biofilms |
48) The cell membrane of mycoplasmas is stabilized and resistant to lysis because of what? | Sterols |
49) What is not found in a gram-positive bacterium’s cell envelope? | Outer membrane |
50) What initiates the formation of an endospore? | Depletion of nutrients |
51) Why are bacterial endospores medically important? | They resist ordinary cleaning and sanitizing methods |
52) What is the bacterial that is shaped like an O? | Coccus |
53) The ability of a single species of bacteria to vary in shape and size is called what? | Pleomorphism |
54) The cell wall of bacteria contain a unique macromolecule called what? | Peptidoglycan |
55) A gram-positive cell that has been exposed to chemicals resulting in the loss of its cell wall is called? | Protoplast |
56) Archaebacteria that convert carbon dioxide and hydrogen into methane gas are called what? | Methanogens |
57) Small, bristelike fibers covering the surface of many bacterial cells for colonization are called what? | Fimbriae |
58) Bacteria can communicate through chemicals or what? | Nanowires |
59) Palisades are an arrangement of what bacteria? | Bacilli |
60) What are the 2 attachment points for bacteria? | Fimbriae & pili |
61) Periplasmic flagella are also called what? | Axial filaments |
62) Persistent colonization of catheters, IUD’s, pacemakers, stents, and other implanted devices is caused by what? | Biofilms |
63) Walking pneumonia is most often caused by what type of bacteria? | Mycoplasma |