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AP Human Geo Ch.5
AP Human Geography Chapter 5
Question | Answer |
---|---|
how many languages are spoken today not including dialects | over 6,000 |
how many languages are spoken in Sub-Saharan Africa alone | 1,500+ |
how many languages are spoken in New Guinea alone | 400+ |
how many languages are spoken in Europe alone | 100+ |
how many threatened or endangered languages are there | 2,000+ |
if someone is a native speaker of a language, what does that mean | that language is their primary language |
if someone is a non-native speaker of a language, what does that mean | it is not their primary language |
how many people speak Mandarin Chinese | 1.3 Billion |
how many people speak Spanish | 442 million |
how many people speak English | 378 million |
how many people speak Arabic | 315 million |
how many people speak Hindi | 260 million |
how many people speak Bengali | 243 million |
how many people speak Portuguese | 223 million |
how many people speak Russian | 154 million |
how many people speak Japanese | 128 million |
how many people speak Lahnda/ Punjabi | 119 million |
what are the top 5 languages with the most speakers | Mandarin Chinese, Spanish, English, Arabic, Hindi |
organized system of spoken words by which people communicate with each other with mutual comprehension | language |
a group of languages descended from a single, older tongue | language families |
what makes up a language family | similar vocabulary, similar grammar, similar sounds |
the earlier, older language | protolanguage |
which language family is the most widely spoken | indo-european |
what language family, branch and group is English in | family: Indo-European branch: Germanic group: Modern English |
where is Latin dominant throughout | Roman Empire |
what are the 5 romance languages | italian, spanish, french, portuguese, romanian |
why are they named the romance languages | they descended from Rome |
what are the 4 germanic languages | english, german, dutch, scandinavian |
what is the indo-european hearth | Turkey (Anatolia) |
how did english diffuse | throughout the world by hundreds of years of British Colonialism. Brought to New World by British colonies in 1600s |
what is the world pattern of languages | migration, conquests, settlement, colonization, spreading, disappearing, domination, numbers, territory |
how many Amerindian Tongues are there | 1,000-2,000 |
what is domination of a language called | cultural imperialism |
what is the dominator of a language called | assimilation |
people who speak a common language | speech community |
accepted standards of syntax (sentence structure), vocabulary, and pronunciation | standard language |
who sets a standard language | leaders |
what are standard (official) languages used for | literature, government, economy, trade, and education |
recognizable speech variants | dialects |
what are elements of a dialect | vocabulary, rhythm, pronunciation, speed |
denote social class and educational level | social dialects/ socialect |
what were dialects in America settled by | immigrants from MANY places; travel and interaction was frequent |
what 3 dialects emerged in America | Northern, Midland, and Southern |
as English diffuses to different countries, each location develops its own _________________ dialect. Due to the mixing of various _______________________ and its ______________________ from England. | unique; people; isolation This is why American's sound different than the British |
the study of the character and spatial pattern of dialects and languages | linguistic geography |
the outer limit of a language's territory- boundary between language groups | isogloss |
able to speak 2 languages | bilingualism |
able to speak more than 2 languages | multilingualism |
an amalgamation (combination) of languages, usually a simplified form of one and borrowings from another | pidgin |
is pidgin the mother tongue of any speaker | no |
what is pidgin adequate to express | basic ideas |
what 3 things does pidgin have | specific function, highly simplified grammar, sharply reduced vocabulary |
evolves from an indigenous/ native group's language mixed with a conquering group's language | creole |
what 2 languages make up Afrikaans | African and Dutch |
is creole the native tongue of its speakers | yes |
what 2 languages make up creole french | west african and french |
what to languages make up franglais | french and english |
what 2 languages make up spanglish | spanish and english |
what 2 languages make up denglish | german and english |
how many native speakers does english have today | 375 million |
how many ESL (English Second Language) speakers does english have today | 375 million |
how many total people speak english today | 750 million |
how many countries is english the official language of | 60 |
what percentage of internet web pages worldwide are in english | 78% |
an established language used habitually for communication by people whose native tongues are mutually incomprehensible | lingua franca |
what was the lingua franca in Ancient times (300 BC- 500 AD) | greek |
what was the lingua franca in Early Middle Ages | latin |
what was the lingua franca in Late Middle Ages | french |
what was the lingua franca in modern times | english |
english is the official language of several countries, meaning it is the language used by ______________ and __________________ | business and government |
having multiple official languages | polyglot state |
what are examples of polyglot states | belgium, switzerland, canada |
what does switzerland divide their country into | cantons |
why are over 400 languages in existence today considered extinct | only a few elderly people know them |
a languages survival is dependent upon the _____________________ and _____________________ strength of its speakers | political and military |
what happens when people get conquered | their language goes away |
when did Hebrew dinimish | around the 4th century |
what happened when Israel was established | Jews from all over the world moved there |
what 2 languages were chosen as Israel's official languages | Hebrew and Arabic |
what did having 2 official languages in Israel do and how many new words did they have to create | helped unify the people and they created 4,000 new words |
the Celt's language was diminished because they lacked _________________ | military power |
it is being revived by Britain's 1988 Educational Act which forces students to learn _________________ if they live in Wales | Welsh |
unrelated to any other language and is not attached to a language family | isolated language |
existed before Indo-European language and was preserved due to isolation in the Spanish Pyrenees mountains | Basque |
most widely spoken language isolate with over 78 million speakers | Korean |