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INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
Fundamentals of Body Structures and Functions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The integumentary system consists of: | 1. Skin 2. Hair 3. Nails |
| The integumentary system consists of (contains): | 4. Sebaceous glands that secrete sebum aka oil |
| The integumentary system consists of (contains): | 5. Ceruminous glands that secrete cerumen aka wax. |
| The integumentary system consists of (contains): | 6. Sudoriferous glands that secrete sweat. |
| The integumentary system consists of (contains): | 7. Melanocytes that respond to a pituitary hormone abbreviated MSH which stands for melanocyte stimulating hormone. |
| The pituitary is aka: | the hypophysis or master gland. |
| Melanocytes produce a pigment called: | melanin |
| Melanin provides protection against UVR which stands for: | ultraviolet radiation. |
| Characteristics (descriptions) of skin include: | 1. Pliability which means flexibility. |
| Characteristics (descriptions) of skin include: | 2. Being waterproof due to a fibrous structural protein called keratin. |
| Characteristics (descriptions) of skin include: | 3. Providing protection from many chemicals and antigens which are pathogens (disease creators) |
| Characteristics (descriptions) of skin include: | 4. Decreasing body temperature by the vaporizing process of sweat called evaporation. |
| Evaporation (vaporizing) means: | liquid changing to gas. |
| The outer layer of skin is called the: | epidermis. |
| The epidermis consists of (contains): | microscopic units of life called epithelial cells. |
| Each epithelial skin cell can replicate (duplicate or copy) into 2 genetically identical daughter cells to replace necrotic (dead) epithelial skin cells by a process called: | mitosis. |
| The number of chromosomes in each epithelial skin cell is: | 46 (23 from Mom, 23 from Dad). |
| Newly replicated epithelial skin cells push older epithelial skin cells upwards toward the surface where they necrose (die) by a process called: | keratinization |
| Keratinized epithelial skin cells are constantly being sloughed which means: | shed |
| Epithelial skin cell sloughing (shedding) helps rid the body of antigens which are: | pathogens (disease creators). |
| The second (2nd) layer of skin is called the: | dermis or corium. |
| A fibrous protein in the dermis (corium) that binds, supports and cushions is called: | collagen |
| Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) damages collagen causing lines and fold in the skin called: | wrinkles |
| The dermis consists of (contains): | 1. Small arteries carrying oxygenated (O2) blood called arterioles. |
| The dermis consists of (contains): | 2. Small veins carrying deoxygenated (CO2) called venules. |
| The dermis consists of (contains): | 3. Microscopic arteries and veins that diffuse (exchange) oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) called capillaries. |
| The dermis consists of (contains): | 4. Nerve cells that transmit (send) changes in the environment (stimuli) to the brain for interpretation called afferent neurons aka sensory neurons. |
| The dermis consists of (contains): | 5. Sebaceous glands that secrete (produce and discharge) oil for lubrication and waterproofing called sebum. |
| The dermis consists of (contains): | 6. Sudoriferous glands that secrete (produce and discharge) a salty watery fluid called sweat. |
| The process of secreting sweat is called: | perspiration (perspire) |
| Sweat is secreted through ossa called: | sudoriferous pores. |
| Ossa are openings aka: | orifices or meati. |
| The dermis consists of (contains): | 7. Ducts (tubes) that transport (carry) lymphatic fluid called lymph vessels. |
| Lymphatic fluid is called: | Lymph |
| The dermis consists of (contains): | 8. The part of each hair that replicates by mitosis (exact copy) called the hair follicle. |
| Newly replicated (copied) hair follicle cells push older hair follicle cells upwards toward the surface where they necroes by a process called: | keratinization. |
| The third (3rd) layer of skin is abbreviated sub Q or subcu which stands for: | subcutaneous aka the hypodermis. |
| Subcutaneous (subQ) tissue primarily consists of fat cells called: | adipose tissue. |
| Subcutaneous tissue connects the dermis to: | underlying muscles. |
| The dermis is the second layer of skin aka | the corium |
| Fibrous connective tissue that anchors all muscles and all organs is called | fascia |
| Anchors means: | holds in place and fixates. |
| Hypertrophied (thickened) skin caused by chronic (persistent) friction (rubbing) is called a: | callus (calluses) or callosity (callosities) |
| Hypertrophied means: | excessive growth or development. |
| The color of skin, hair and eyes is genetically determined by the amount of skin pigment produced called: | melanin. |
| Localized loss of skin pigment characterized (described by) white patches is called: | leukoderma or vitiligo. |
| Skin pigment is called: | melanin. |
| A genetic mutation (change) causing an absence of melanin is called: | albinism |
| Genetic means: | hereditary aka familial. |
| Dilation (expansion) of blood vessels in the dermis causes redness called: | erythroderma aka erythema or rubeosis. |
| Causes of erythema (skin redness include: | 1, Pyrexia which means fever. |
| Causes of erythema (skin redness include: | 2. HTN which stands for hypertension aka high blood pressure (HBP). |
| Causes of erythema (skin redness include: | 3. The immune reaction to a wound (injury) called inflammation. |
| Causes of erythema (skin redness include: | 4. A reaction to embarrassment called blushing. |
| A streptococcal (strep) or staphylococcal (staph) infection causing inflammation of skin cells is called: | celulitis |
| Infection means: | invasion (entry) and proliferation (rapid reproduction). |
| Reduction of blood to the skin can cause a pale discoloration called: | pallor |
| A bluish discoloration of the skin commonly caused by hypoxia or hypothermia is called: | cyanosis (cyanotic) |
| Hypoxia means: | condition of deficient oxygen (O2) |
| Hypothermia means: | condition of deficient heat |
| A yellowish discoloration of the skin is called: | jaundice (jaundiced) aka icterus (icteric) or xanthoderma. |
| Jaundice (icterus or xanthoderma) can be caused by hyperbilirubinemia which means: | blood condition of excessive bilirubin. |
| Bilirubin is: | necrotic (dead) hemolyzed (fragmented) erythrocytes (RBCs) |
| Hair: Hair is a characteristic of all: | mammals |
| Other mammalian characteristics include: | 1. Warm blooded. |
| Other mammalian characteristics include: | 2. Use of lungs to breathe |
| Other mammalian characteristics include: | 3. Produce milk to feed their young. |
| Other mammalian characteristics include: | 4. Most are born alive. |
| Other mammalian characteristics include: | 5. Most have seven cervical vertebrae |
| Hair can be found on the entire human body except for the: | 1. Anterior (ventral) side of the hands called the palms. Anterior (ventral) means front. |
| Hair can be found on the entire human body except for the: | 2. Anterior (front) side of the feet called the soles. |
| Hair can be found on the entire human body except for the: | 3. Enlarged distal (end) portion (part) of the penis called the glans penis. |
| Each hair consists of (contains) the: | 1. Visible portion (part) called a hair shaft. |
| Each hair consists of (contains) the: | 2. Portion (part) within the epidermis and dermis (corium) called the hair root. |
| The epidermis is the: | outer layer of skin. |
| Each hair consists of (contains) the: | 3. Portion where mitosis occurs (happens) called the hair follicle. |
| Mitosis means: | the process by which a cell replicates (copies) into two (2) genetically identical daughter cells. |
| Attached to each hair root is an arrector pili muscle that pulls the hair shaft straight up in response to fear or cold or excitement causing: | goose bumps aka goose pimples or goose flesh. |
| Genes (DNA) contain hereditary (familial) instructions (genetic traits) for hair follicles such as: | 1. Color |
| Genes (DNA) contain hereditary (familial) instructions (genetic traits) for hair follicles such as: | 2. Texture |
| Genes (DNA) contain hereditary (familial) instructions (genetic traits) for hair follicles such as: | 3. Hair loss called alopecia. |
| Nails: The visible part of each nail is called the: | nail body |
| The portion (part) of each nail that grows is called the: | nail bed |
| The base (bottom) of each nail is covered by tissue called the: | cuticle aka the eponychium. |
| Onychocryptosis means: | abnormal condition of a hidden nail. |
| Onychocryptosis is aka: | ingrown nails. |
| Onychocryptosis means: | abnormal condition of a nail caused by fungus. |
| Paronychia means: | condition of inflammation adjacent (next to) a nail. |
| Skin lesions: A lesion is: | any pathological deviation in structure or function. |
| Deviation means: | change. |
| A flat usually erythematous skin lesion is called a: | macule (macular) |
| Erythematous means: | pertaining to red. |
| A raised (elevated) skin lesion less than 1 cm is called a: | papule (popular) |
| 2.54 cm | is equal to 1 inch. |
| A raised (elevated) skin lesion: | greater than 1 cm is called a nodule (nodular) |
| A papule filled with pus is called a: | pustule (pustular) |
| A patchy erythematous (re) edematous (swollen) and often pruritic (itchy) skin rash usually caused by an allergic reaction is called: | urticaria (urticarial) aka hives |
| Raised urticaria (hives) are called: | welts or wheals |
| Inflammatory popular and pustular eruptions ("breaking out") caused by clogging of sebaceous (oil) glands is abbreviated AV which stands for: | acne vulgaris aka pimples or zits. |
| A raised (elevated) skin lesion filled with clear liquid is called a: | vesicle (vesicular) or blister. |
| A lesion is any pathological deviation (change) in: | structure or function. |
| A vesicle (blister) greater than 1 cm is called a: | bulla (bullae) |
| A vesicle (blister) is a: | raised (elevated) skin lesion filled with clear liquid. |
| Vesicular (blister) and pustular skin lesions caused by staphylococcus (staph) or streptococci (strep) especially in infants and children is called: | impetigo |
| Pustular means: | papular (raised) and filled with pus. |
| Whiteheads and blackheads are called: | comedo (comedones) |
| Infection of a hair follicle and adjacent tissue is called a: | furuncle (furunclar) or boil |
| A group (car load) of furuncles is called a: | carbuncle (carbuncular) |
| A furuncle is an: | infection of a hair follicle and adjacent tissue. |
| A collection ( accumulation) of pus is called an: | abscess (abscesses) |
| A thickening or lump is called a: | cyst |
| Superficial mechanical (rubbing) skin damage is called an: | abrasion or scrape. |
| Superficial (surface) chemical skin damage is called an: | excoriation (excoriate) |
| An example of an excoriation is: | diaper dermatitis aka diaper rash |
| Tissue that is cut, torn or ripped is called a: | laceration. |
| Ripping (tearing) tissue from the body is called an: | avulsion |
| Erosion of tissue is called an: | ulcer (ulcerative) |
| Erosion means: | wearing away. |
| A skin ulcer (erosion) caused by immobility (no movement) resulting in prolonged pressure from body weight is abbreviated DU which stands for: | decubitus ulcer aka a pressure ulcer or bedsore. |
| Decubitus ulcers (DU) commonly occur (happen) over bony projections called: | bony prominences aka pressure points. |
| Bony prominences (pressure points) are located: | where a bone is directly below the skin. |
| Bony prominences (projections) include the: | 1. Olecranon aka elbows. |
| Bony prominences (projections) include the: | 2. Scapula aka shoulder bone or shoulder blade. |
| Bony prominences (projections) include the: | 3. Medial (middle) side of the patella aka kneecap. |
| Bony prominences (projections) include the: | 4. Calcaneus aka heel bone. |
| Bony prominences (projections) include the: | 5. Pelvic bone such as the ilium and/or ischium and/or coccyx (tail bone) |
| Bony prominences (projections) include the: | 6. Cranial bone located at the posterior base of the skull called the occipital bone. |
| A black and blue mark caused by bleeding under the skin is called: | ecchymosis aka hematoma or contusion or bruise. |
| Pinpoint skin hemorrhages are called: | petechiae |
| A combination of ecchymosis and petechiae is called: | purpura |
| Petechiae are: | pinpoint skin hemorrhages. |
| New fibrous connective tissue deposited (placed) to close a wound is called: | cicatrix or scar |
| A hypertrophied scar is called a: | keloid (keloidal) |
| Hypertrophied means: | excessive development |
| Keloids are associated with: | surgery and 3rd degree burns. |
| Tissue swelling resulting from an accumulation of fluid is called: | edema (edematous) |
| Accumulation means: | collection. |
| Excessive swelling resulting in indentations after light palpation is called: | pitting edema |
| Palpation means: | touc |
| Necrotic tissue caused by thermal injury is called: | eschar (escharotic) |
| Necrotic means: | dead |
| A thermal injury is aka: | a burn |
| Nevus (nevi) means: | mole or birthmark. |
| The medical term for a new growth is: | neoplasm (neoplasia) or tumor. |
| Neoplasm (neoplasia) and tumor are terms commonly associated with: | cancer (CA) |
| A black metastatic tumor associated with exposure to UV radiation from the sun and/or tanning beds is abbreviated: | MM which stands for malignant melanoma. |
| UV stands for: | ultraviolet |
| A raised skin lesion caused by a HPV is called a: | verruca (verrucae) aka a wart (warts) |
| HPV stands for: | human papillomavirus |
| Skin pathology (disease) caused by fungal proliferation is called: | mycosis or tinea or ringworm |
| Proliferation means: | rapid reproduction |
| A crack (split) in the skin is called a: | fissure. |
| Fissures (splits) can be caused by: | tinia pedis aka foot ringworm or athlete's foot. |
| Diseases caused by the immune system attacking self (healthy tissue) are alled: | autoimmune diseases. |
| An autoimmune disease causing erythematous (red) skin lesions with white or silvery flaky scales is called: | psoriasis (psoriatic) |
| Dry skin is called: | xeroderma |
| Dry scaly skin is called: | ichthyosis (ichthyotic) |
| A dry rough protective crust that forms over an open wound is called a: | crustation or scab. |
| Putrefaction is caused by tissue necrosis (death) and microbial proliferation (rapid reproduction) called: | gangrene (gangrenous) aka decomposition ("decomp'). |
| Putrefaction is: | rot |
Created by:
bterrelonge
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