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Therapy
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Aaron Beck | cognitive therapy, which is still widely used for depression, is based on RET |
| Active listening | therapist’s response is simply a restating of the client’s thoughts |
| Albert Ellis | founded RET |
| Anti-anxiety drugs | (such as Valium and Xanax) stimulate GABA, which depresses nervous system activity.·The main side effect of these drugs is drowsiness. |
| Antidepressants | increase serotonin and/or norepinephrine to improve mood.·These drugs often have side effects of fatigue, forgetfulness, and weight gain. |
| Antipsychotic drugs | relieve agitation, hallucinations, and delusions by blocking dopamine receptors in the brain.·These drugs are primarily used to treat schizophrenia. |
| Aversive Conditioning | attempts to associate a problem behavior with an unpleasant consequence, often short-term and is often used as the beginning to a more complex treatment plan. |
| Beck's Cognitive behavior | widely used for depression, is based on RET |
| Behavioral therapy | ignores thoughts and focuses directly on the behavior itself. |
| Biological therapy | focuses on the physical causes of undesirable behavior. |
| Carl Rogers | client- centered therapy |
| client-centered therapy | goal is to help his client reach their full potential. |
| cognitive therapy | change the way people think |
| cognitive-behavioral therapy | one of the most widely used forms of therapy today, focuses on changing thoughts AND behaviors, It incorporates techniques from both schools of thought. |
| contingency management | is most-widely used in the field of substance abuse, often implemented as part of clinical behavior analysis, refers to the application of the operant conditioning), which uses stimulus control and positive reinforcement to change behavior |
| counterconditioning | way to unlearn an unwanted behavior(flooding, systematic desensitization) |
| disconfirmation | show evidence against untrue thinking patterns |
| dorothea dix | was an advocate for the mentally ill who revolutionarily reformed the way mentally ill patients are treated. She created the first mental hospitals across the US and Europe and changed the perception of the mentally ill |
| Dream analysis | a psychoanalytic technique that involves interpreting the meaning of a patient’s dreams(manifest and latent content) |
| Drug therapy | the use of medication to treat psychological issues |
| Eclectic approach | use of multiple techniques |
| ELECTROCONVULSIVE THERAPY (ECT) | involves sending controlled waves of electric shock through the brain |
| Empathy | the ability to identify with the feelings of others |
| Family therapy | assumes that problems are caused by family interactions rather than one individual |
| flooding | involves exposing a patient to their most anxious situation upfront |
| Free association | the patient is instructed to talk about whatever comes to mind |
| Group therapy | is helpful because it provides a comparison point and also reduces costs |
| Humanistic therapy | The goal is to help his client reach their full potential |
| Insight | occurs when patients begin to understand these unconscious motives |
| Latent content | the hidden meanings represented symbolically in the dream |
| Lithium carbonate | medication for bipolar disorder that focuses on norepinephrine |
| Manifest content | what you remember about the dream |
| Mirror | reflecting their own thoughts and feelings back to them |
| Nondirective therapy | therapist listens but does not provide an opinion |
| Placebo effect | influence of a patient’s expectations |
| prefrontal lobotomy | removing most of the nerve connections that control emotions |
| Psychiatrist | prescribe medication |
| Psychoanalysis | a VERY SLOW procedure, taking up an average of 600 sessions |
| Psychosurgery | involves removing or destroying a specific part of the patient’s brain |
| Psychotherapy | treatment used by therapists to help people overcome their problems |
| Rational-emotive therapy | founded by Albert Ellis, is focused on changing a person’s unrealistic assumptions |
| reconceptualization | find new ways to explain actions |
| Resistance | patient unconsciously holds back information from the therapist |
| self help groups | are informal therapy groups usually conducted without a professional therapist |
| SHORT-TERM DYNAMIC PSYCHOTHERAPY | applies psychoanalytic principles to define and understand the dynamics and problems that clients bring to the therapy session, uncover the feelings or thoughts that interfere with a client's relationships, communication, and daily functioning |
| Sigmund Freud | psychoanalytic, make his patients aware of the unconscious conflicts causing their anxiety |
| SYSTEMATIC DESENSITIZATION | exposes someone to fear and anxiety in a slow and ordered way |
| Token Economy | desirable behavior in exchange for something like money |
| Transference | the patient begins to associate feelings about another important figure in their life towards the therapist |
| unconditional positive regard | caring and acceptance no matter the circumstances |
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