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What are nosocomial infections?
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What are the most common sites for a nosocomial infection to occur?
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Patient Care Ch.5
Infection Control (included in lecture test 2)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are nosocomial infections? | infections that are acquired in the course of medical care |
| What are the most common sites for a nosocomial infection to occur? | in the blood stream and urinary tract |
| What does the word nosocomial mean? | hospital |
| What is an iatrogenic infection? | from a particular treatment or procedure |
| What is an exogenous infection? | from microorganisms that are not normal flora |
| What is an endogenous infection? | from an overgrowth of normal flora |
| What are the factors that encourage nosocomial infections? | the environment, therapeutic, equipment, and contamination during procedures |
| What makes the environment a factor of nosocomial infections? | the environment could be contaminated with infectious agents |
| What does it mean by therapeutic as a factor of nosocomial infections? | it occurs through the drugs |
| Why is equipment a factor of nosocomial infections? | some equipment may not be adequately cleaned or sterilized |
| What does it mean by contamination during procedures as a factor of nosocomial infections? | that bad technique is being used |
| What are 4 types of pathogenic microorganisms that may cause infections? | bacteria, fungi, viruses, prions, and even ecoli |
| What are 5 things you need to transmit infection? | an infectious agent, a reservoir or environment to live and multiply, a portal to exit the reservoir, a means of transmission, and a portal of entry into a new host |
| What are the types of means of transmission? | contact (direct or indirect), droplet, airborne, vehicle, and vector |
| What is an example of an infectious agent? | bacteria, fungus, prion, parasite |
| What is an example of an exit portal? | open wound, mouth, nose |
| What is an example of means of transmission? | contact, droplet, vehicle |
| What is an example of a portal of entry into a new host? | ingestion or inhalation |
| What is direct and indirect contact? | direct contact is when you come in direct contact with an infection and indirect contact is the transfer of pathogens by touching objects that have been contaminated by an infected person |
| What is a droplet? | when you come in contact with an infectious secretion that comes through the mouth, nose, etc. |
| What is a vehicle? | food, water, or drugs that are contaminated from person to person |
| What is an airborne route? | residue suspended into the air |
| What is a vector? | an insect or animal that deposits a disease into a human host by biting or stinging |
| What is the best host for a portal of entry | geriatric or pediatric patients because their immune systems are either shutting down or in the process of building |
| What is HIV? | it enters the body through contact with HIV positive blood or body fluids. it destroys cells by assaulting the immune system |
| What do you do when possibly coming in contact with HIV? | practice standard precautions, use caution when handling needles, and maintain patient confidentiality |
| Can you get AIDS if you have HIV? | no because HIV eventually can progress into AIDS |
| How do you properly dispose of a needle? | use gloves to pick up the needle and then dispose it properly |
| What is hepatitis? | an inflammation of the cells of the liver caused by a virus |
| What can you get hep b from? | needle sticking injuries |
| What can you get hep b and c from? | blood to blood (sharing needles, etc.) |
| Can hep b and c be treated? | yes and there are vaccines for both |
| What is tuberculosis? | a disease caused by myobacteria that commonly affects the lungs, but may affect other body parts |
| Is tuberculosis treatable? | yes if it is diagnosed and treated early on |
| What is required of all healthcare workers? | TB testing to detect possible exposure to infected persons |
| What is MRSA and how is it spread? | a bacterial infection spread by direct contact |
| What is VRSA and how is it spread? | a bacterial infection spread by direct contact |
| What is VRE? | a bacterial infection spread by direct contact that affects blood, urine, and wounds |
| What is VAD? | a form of bacteria and fungemia that is in the bloodstream |
| What is c. diff? | a bacterial inflammation in the colon spread by contact, it occurs mainly in males and African Americans |
| What is ESBL? | a bacteria caused by a resistance to antibiotics and spread by contact |
| What are Tier 1 precautions? | standard precautions that are to be used at all times when any healthcare worker is caring for the patient |
| What are Tier 2 precautions? | transmission based precautions that are to be used when called for |
| What should you do when in doubt about the cleanliness or sterility of something? | do not use it |
| What is medical asepsis? | to eliminate or reduce microorganisms through the use of soap, water, friction and chemical disinfectants |
| What is surgical asepsis? | to completely destroy or remove microorganisms by heat or a chemical process |
| What is reverse isolation? | protective isolation to the patient that may be immune compromised such as a transplant patient, burn patient, chemotherapy patient, etc. |
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