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ABO (NOCE) Practice
Chapters 1 through 6 Exam *COLMPLETE*
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the approximate speed of light? | 186,000 miles per second |
| What is the exact speed of light? | 186, 282 miles per second |
| What layer makes up 90% of the Cornea? | The Stroma |
| About how thick is the Cornea at it's center? | 0.5 mm |
| About how many Cones does each Retina Contain | 6 million |
| About how many Rods does each Retina contain? | 120 million |
| What is the index of refraction for the Cornea? | 1.37 |
| What is the index of refraction for the Crystalline Lens? | 1.42 |
| What 3 layers comprise the Fibrous Tunic (Outer Layer) | The Sclera, Cornea, and Limbus |
| What 3 layers Comprise of the Vascular Tunic (Middle Layer) | The Iris, Ciliary body, and the Choroid |
| What does the Neural Layer consist of? (Inner Layer) | The Retina |
| What is Diplopia? | Double Vision |
| How many muscles move each eye? | 6 muscles |
| What is the term for a functional eye that for some reason becomes a non-seeing eye? | Amblyopia |
| A tendency of the eye deviating inwards | Esophoria |
| When the eye is always inward | Esotropia |
| When the diopter powers are greater than 2.00 diopters between the left and right eye | Anisometropia |
| When the powers in one eye are opposite of the other (I.E. OD = -2.00 OS =+1.00) | Antimetropia |
| The term for Nearsighted | Myopia |
| The term for Farsighted | Hyperopia |
| When both points of light come to focus behind the retina | Compound Hyperopic Astigmatism |
| When one point of light comes to focus on the retina and the other point of light comes to focus in front of the retina | Simple Myopic Astigmatism |
| When both points of light come to focus in front of the retina | Compound Myopic Astigmatism |
| When one point of light comes to focus on the retina and the other point of light comes to focus behind the retina | Simple Hyperopic Astigmatism |
| What does Konia mean? | Image |
| What does Iseikonia mean? | Same size images |
| What is the term for when the eyes focus inward to read? | Convergence |
| What chart is used to evaluate visual acuity at 20 feet or ocular infinity? | The Snellan Chart |
| What is the term for an eye without a crystalline lens or an eye with a crystalline lens that is unusable? | Aphakia |
| What is the name of the chart that checks for near visual acuity? Referred to as the J4 or J2 chart | The Jaeger Chart |
| The device to measure intraocular pressure | Tonometer |
| What is the Ishihara test? | Testing Color |
| What device is used to see the interior of the eye? | Ophthalmoscope |
| What device is used for visual acuity refinement by a series of trial lenses | The Phoropter |
| What is the term for having two differently colored eyes (irises) | Heterochromia |
| If a person has 20/200 or worse for vision, they are considered... | Legally Blind |
| What does NLP stand for? | No Light Perception |
| The refractive power of the average cornea is equal to about ______ diopters. | 43.00 |
| The refractive power of the average crystalline lens is about ______ diopters. | 17.00 |
| The _______ provides nutrients to the retina and other parts of the eye. | Choroid |
| The ______ provides protection and helps maintain the eye's shape. | Sclera |
| The ____ regulates the amount of light entering the eye by changing the size of the pupil. | Iris |
| The _____ _____ carries impulses from the retina to the brain. | Optic Nerve |
| What are the three spaces (or chambers) of the eye? | The Anterior chamber, Posterior Chamber and Vitreous Chamber (or Cavity) |
| The Cornea consists of ____ distinct layers. | Five |
| What is the first layer of the Cornea? | The Epithelium |
| What is the second layer of the Cornea? | Bowman's Membrane |
| What is the third layer of the Cornea? | The Stroma |
| What is the fourth layer of the Cornea? | Descemet's Membrane |
| What is the fifth layer of the Cornea? | The Endothelium |
| The optic nerve takes a route that includes a crossover area known as the _____ _______ | Optic Chiasma |
| The adjustment of the Crystalline Lens is called _____________ | Accomodation |
| The transparent lens located behind the iris and the pupil is called... | The Crystalline Lens |
| 1 meter is equal to _____ inches (in) | 39.37 |
| 1 inch is equal to ____ millimeters (mm) | 25.4 |
| 1 meter is equal to __ decimeters | 10 |
| 1 meter is equal ___ centimeters | 100 |
| 1 meter is equal to ____ millimeters | 1000 |
| Visible light is how many nanometers? | 390 to 750 |
| What are the three types of UV (Ultra Violet) | A, B and C |
| What is the most dangerous UV type? | C |
| What UV type causes sunburn and may contribute to cataracts? | A |
| What UV type causes sunburn, corneal burn, retinal damage and cataracts over time? | B |
| Sun light, molten glass, metal and lava are what type of radiation? | Infrared |
| The __________ is the distance from the crest of one wave to the crest of another. | Wavelength |
| The highest point of the wave is call the _____ | crest |
| The lowest point of the wave is called the ______ | trough |
| When rays of light diverge and radiate outwardly in all directions from their source. This is known as... | Radiant Energy |
| The number of times the crest or trough of a wave passes a point in space in a given unit of time is known as the... | Frequency |
| What does CR-39 stand for? | Columbia Resin 39 |
| What is the standard index of refraction used in the optical industry? (Also known as the Geneva Standard) | 1.53 |
| What is the index of refraction of the Cornea? | 1.37 |
| What is the index of refraction of the Crystalline lens? | 1.42 |
| What is the index of refraction of the Vitreous Humor? | 1.333 |
| What is the index of refraction of Flint Glass? | 1.805 |
| When light hits a lens there are 3 things that happen. What are those three things? | Absorption, Transmission and Reflection |
| Light is always bent toward the ____ of a prism. | base |
| What will a prism do? | Displace the image to the apex |
| Two prisms that are placed base to base will form a ____ lens. | Plus |
| Two prisms that are placed apex to apex will form a _____ lens. | Minus |
| Base up prism in a minus lens will produce prism _____ the pupil. | below |
| Base out prism in a minus lens will produce prism _____ | in |
| Base up prism in a plus lens will produce prism _____ the pupil. | above |
| Base out prism in a plus lens will produce prism ___ | out |
| What is the index of refraction for air? | 1.00 |
| The power of the prism is equal to the power of the lens in diopters times the amount of decentration in millimieters divided by 10. What is the name of this Formula? | Prentice's Rule |
| The shorter the radius the _______ the curve and the stronger the diopter power is. | steeper |
| The larger the sphere the _______ the curve. | flatter |
| The smaller the sphere the _______ the curve. | steeper |
| A lens that is both concave and convex is known as a ________ lens | meniscus |
| A concave lens is known as a _____ lens | minus |
| A convex lens is known as a ____ lens | plus |
| What is another name for a bi-concave lens? | Myodisc |
| Distortions inherent in any lens with power are known as... | Aberrations |
| What optical tool is used to measure the curvature of a lens and is considered one of the most useful but underrated tools in the optical industry. | The Lens Clock |
| The Lens Clock is calibrated for what index of refraction? (the number not the name) | 1.53 |
| True or False: The Lens Clock can check for slab off. | True |
| True or False: The Lens Clock can determine what the lens material is made out of. | False |
| What is the "standard" index of refraction in the optical industry? | 1.53 |
| The cylinder is used for the correction of ___________ and can be used by itself or it can be combined with a sphere. | astigmatism |
| What is the name of the term for when the distance of the ocular or back surface of a lens is away from the patient's cornea? | Vertex Distance |
| A +10.00 lens has moved away from a patient's eyes by 5mm. What is the power of the lens for the patient now? | +10.50 |
| A -10.00 lens has been moved closer to a patient's eyes by 5mm. What is the power of the lens for the patient now? | -10.50 |
| A +10.00 lens has moved closer to a patient's eyes by 5mm. What is the power of the lens for the patient now? | +9.50 |
| A -10.00 lens has been moved away from a patient's eyes by 5mm. What is the power of the lens for the patient now? | -9.50 |
| What does RVD stand for? | Refracted Vertex Distance |
| What does FVD stand for? | Fitted Vertex Distance |
| True or False: A distometer can accurately measure vertex distance. | True |
| True or False: A distometer can measure lens thickness. | False |
| Vertex distance compensation is mandatory for a spectacle prescription of ______ diopters or greater. | +/- 7.00 |
| What is the Base Curve for the power ranges of Plano to +2.00 | +6.00 |
| What is the Base Curve for the power ranges of -2.00 to -4.50 | +4.00 |
| What is the Base Curve for the power ranges of +5.50 to +8.75 | +10.00 |
| In modern medical ophthalmic lenses, ocular curves are always ______ or ________ | minus concave |
| A smaller sphere will have ____ power. | more |
| A larger sphere will have ____ power. | less |
| A flatter base curve will make objects appear _______ than before. | smaller |
| An increase in plus power in the base curve makes objects appear ______ than before. | larger |
| Higher index materials create lenses with natural _______ base curves. | flatter |
| What is the index of rafraction for CR-39 plastic? | 1.498 |
| What is the index of refraction of Crown Glass? | 1.52 |
| What is the Abbe number of Cr-39? | 58 |
| What is the specific gravity of Crown Glass? | 2.54 |
| What is the specific gravity of CR-39? | 1.32 |
| What is the Abbe number for Crown Glass? | 58 |
| What is the index of refraction for Polycarbonate? | 1.59 |
| What is the specific gravity of Polycarbonate? | 1.20 |
| What is the Abbe number for Polycarbonate? | 31 |
| What does Aspheric mean in the optical world? | non-spherical |
| Bicentric grinding or "____ ___" is one way to correct for vertical imbalance | slab off |
| "____________ ____ ___" is always ground base up on the lens with the most minus or at least plus power in the 90 degree meridian. | Conventional Slab Off |
| What does "PD" stand for? | Pupillary Distance |
| The average person's eyes will converge _ to _ mm inward to read | 3 to 6 |
| "_________ __" is the distance from the center of the bridge of the nose to the center of each pupil. The right eye is recorded first then the left eye. (example: 33/34) | Monocular PD |
| What does OCHt stand for? | Optical Center Height |
| Bifocals and Trifocals need _______ height. | segment |
| Progressives lenses need _________ OCHt | monocular |
| "_______ ______" is measured from the lower eyelid to the deepest B portion of the eye wire. | Segment Height |
| "_____ _______" bend down behind the ear and follow the contour of the skull, resting evenly against it. | Skull Temples |
| "_______ _______" generally straight and hold the spectacles on primarily by pressure against the side of the head. | Library Temples |
| "______ ___ _______" curve around the ear and extend to the level of the ear lobe. They are often used in both children's frames and safety eyewear. | Riding Bow Temples |
| "___________ _______" can be used either as library or skull temples depending on the manner in which they are bent. | Convertible Temples |
| An imaginary line is drawn through the middle of the eyewire both in the horizontal and vertical planes. What is the name of this process? | The Datum System |
| An imaginary box is drawn around the are to be measure. What is the name of this process? | The Box System |
| Horizontal measurement of the box enclosing lens area, also known as the eye size. What is the name of this measurement? | A |
| The least distance between the two lenses. This is known as the... | DBL |
| Vertical measurement of the box enclosing lens area. What is the name of this measurement? | B |
| The difference between the horizontal and vertical measurements is known as the... | Frame Difference |
| Twice the distance from the geometrical center of the lens to the bevel farthest away from it. This is known as the... | Effective Diameter |
| The width of the lens along the central datum line. This is known as what measurement? | C |
| The measurement from the center of the barrel to the middle of the bend is called the ______ __ ____. | length to bend |
| The amount of ____________ required in each eyeis equal to the (GCD - PD)/2 | decentration |
| It is necessary to calculate ________ ____________ when determining where the line or fitting cross of a multifocal lens is positioned relative to the datum line of the frame. | vertical decentration |
| Name this frame material: Epoxy material. Light in weight, cannot be overheated or burned and will not shrink. | Optyl |
| Name this frame material: Originally the most used material for frames, it is a cotton/wood flak product and can be produced in a great variety of colors, textures and patterns. | Zyl |
| Name this frame material: Synthetic material made from coal, water and air. Light in weight and very strong. Often used in childrens frames. | Nylon |
| What are the two types of materials frame are made of? | Metal and Plastic |
| Name this frame material: Noncorrosive, strong and light in weight. Often used in temples. | Stainless Steel |
| Name this frame material: Light in weight, long lasting, may be anodized allowing for many variations in color. | Aluminum |
| This face shape can wear most frames well. | Oval |
| This face shape should wear relatively narrow frames preferably with high temple attachments. | Round |
| This face shape should wear a deep frame, preferably with low temple attachments. | Oblong |
| For ___________ wearers: Frames with adjustable nose pads or minimal vertex distance. Slight face form and avoid radical nasal cutaways. | progressive |
| For ________: Safety is the first and foremost consideration. A well fit bridge and spring hinges for flexibility. | children |
| For ______: Lenses must be 3.00mm thick. "Z87" markings on each temple and the frame front. | safety |
| A well fit frame will come in contact with the wearer only at the following three points known as the _______ ________ | fitting triangle |
| There should be 8-10 degrees of ___________ ____ for most frames. | pantoscopic tilt |
| Less commonly, when the pupil is positioned directly behind the optical center, an ___________ ____ is recommended. | orthoscopic tilt |
| In the very unusual situation where the pupil is positioned below the optical center of the lens, a ___________ ____ is called for. | retroscopic tilt |
| Most frames will have some ________ face form. | positive |
| The need to apply ________ face form can usually be avoided with more appropriate frame selection. | negative |
| Left lens is farther out - Bend left end piece ___ | out |
| Left lens is farther in - Bend left end piece ___ | in |
| Increase pantoscopic angle - Bend both temples or end pieces ___ | down |
| Decrease pantoscopic angle - Bned both temples or end pieces ___ | up |
| The __________ is the single most important and most frequently used instrument in the optical dispensary. | lensometer |
| The lensometer may also be refered to as a _________ or a vertometer. | focimeter |
| True or False: A lensometer is capable of measuring lens thickness. | False |
| True or False: A lensometer is capable of measuring the amount of prism in a lens. | True |
| True or False: A lensometer is capable of measuring the direction of prism base. | True |
| True or False: A lensometer is capable of determining the lens material. | False |
| When verifying a lens from a known prescription what is the first step to do before positioning a lens in the lensometer? | Focus the eyepiece |
| What is the Latin term for Right Eye? | Oculus Dexter |
| What is the Latin term for Left Eye? | Oculus Sinister |
| The lensometer reticle measures for ____ | prism |
| Quadrant 2 in OS is Base ___ or ___ | in or up |
| Quadrant 3 in OD is Base ___ or ___ | out or down |
| Quadrant 4 in OS is Base ___ or ___ | out or down |
| Quadrant 1 in OS is Base ___ or ___ | out or up |
| Quadrant 1 in OD is Base ___ or ___ | in or up |
| Quadrant 4 in OD is Base ___ or ___ | in or down |
| A _______ _____ traces the eye wire and makes a pattern. | pattern maker |
| A ______ _______ blocks the lenses and can affix a chuck. | layout blocker |
| "___ ______" - cut certain plastic lenses, especially polycarbonate. | Dry Edgers |
| "___ ______" - not meant to cut polycarbonate lenses. | Wet Edgers |
| A ____ _____ cuts lenses, reduces bevel, removes sharpness on a safety bevel. | Hand Edger |
| A ______ _____ will create a groove in the edge of the lens. | Groove Maker |
| A _____ _____ creates holes in the lenses for rimless frame styles. | Drill Press |
| What does HMO stand for? | Health Maintenance Organization |
| What does PPO stand for? | Preferred Provider Plan |
| What does EPO stand for? | Exclusive Provider Plan |
| What can not be dispensed or used past their expiration date and are regulated by the FDA? | Contact Lenses |
| What does ANSI stand for? | American National Standards Instiute |
| What does FDA stand for? | Food and Drug Administration |
| Managed care Medicare Providers must retain records for ___ years. | 10 |
| The traditional statute of limitations was set at ___ or more years, depending on state law. | 3 |
| HIPAA and CMS requires records to be retained for ___ years after the closure of the cost report. | 5 |
| HIPAA requires a covered entity, such as a physician billing medicare, to retain required documentation for ___ years from the date of its creation or the date when it was last in effect, whichever is later. | 6 |
| What does FMLA stand for? | Family Medical Leave Act |
| What is the size of the steel ball used in the drop test to test standard lenses? | 5/8 inch |
| What is the size of the steel ball used in the drop test to test safety lenses? | 1 inch |
| At what height is used to drop the steel ball in the drop test? | 50 inches |
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