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Chemistry Topics 1-3
Chemistry quiz 1
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Flammable and combustible | material will easily light on fire |
Poisonous and infectious- immediate and serious | material that is immediately toxic and potentially deadly |
Compressed gas | Contents under pressure |
oxidizing material | material that creates a lot of oxygen, or easily reacts with oxygen to fuel fires |
Poisonous and infectious- other toxic effects | material that is toxic over a long period of time, or after a larger dose |
biohazardous infectious | living material that is toxic or dangerous to humans. ex virus or bacteria |
corrosive material | burns or eats away metals, glass, or flesh |
dangerously reactive | go through extreme reactions of fire, explosions, or intense heating |
exclamation mark (aka harmful) | new WHMIS symbol. Very toxic to human health after one exposure |
health hazard | new WHMIS symbol. Toxic to human health after a long exposure or large dose |
exploding bomb | new WHMIS symbol. Very reactive and will blow up easily |
Environmental hazard | causes damage to aquatic environments |
sublimation | change of state of matter from solid to gas |
condensation | change of state of matter from gas to liquid |
evaporation | change of state of matter from liquid to gas |
caustic | corrosive- but will eat organic tissue |
matter | takes up space and has mass |
pure substance | one type of particle or molecule |
mixture | 2 or more types of molecules. Not bonded |
Elements | 1 type of atom |
compounds | 2 or more atoms chemically bonded |
homogeneous mixture | mixture that looks like all one substance |
heterogeneous mixture | mixture that looks like different substances |
solution | smaller molecule mixture that looks like all one substance |
colloid | larger molecule mixture that looks like all one substance |
mechanical mixture | large piece mixture that looks different |
suspension | a mixture that settles into layers and the different parts can be seen |
tyndall effect (light test) | light passes through a solution but not a colloid |
particle model of matter | -all matter is made of tiny particles -They have space between them -all pure substance particles of one element are identical - particles are always moving - particles are attracted to each other |
physical change | change in form. Substance stays the same |
chemical change | Creation of a new substance |
indicators of a chemical change | - unexpected change in colour - change in temperature - new substance is made - change in taste/ smell - gas production |
chemical properties | properties of a substance that need to be tested with reactions to appear |
physical properties | properties of a substance that you can see or measure |
three subatomic particles | proton, neutron, electron (subatomic means smaller than an electron) |
proton | positive subatomic particle |
neutron | neutral subatomic particle |
electron | negative subatomic particle |
nucleus | where most of the mass of the atom comes from (protons and neutrons) |
1st shell of the electron shell | holds 2 e- |
2nd and 3rd electron shells | hold 8 e- each |
atom | smallest whole unit of matter. Make up elements |
laws | summarize scientific principles- doesn't explain why it happens |
theories | explains scientific facts. |
law of definite composition | compounds are put together in set ratios |
law of conservation of mass | matter cannot be created or destroyed only changed in form |
John Dalton | Thought atoms were like billiard (pool) balls |
JJ Thompson | plum pudding model- electrons stuck in a cookie dough looking substance |
Ernest Rutherford | Planetary model- said most of the mass came from the nucleus and the rest was mostly empty space |
Niels Bohr | Atomic model- said electrons move around the nucleus in fixed pathways |
Current electron model | electron cloud model- said there is a region around the nucleus where electrons are found |