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Ch 10 antibiotics
Ch 10 Antimicrobial Drugs
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Cephalosporins | Similar in structure to penicillins, produced by the fungus Cephalosporiium |
R Plasmid | Extrachromosomal DNA containing genes that code for one or more antimicrobials. |
Antibiotic | An antimicrobial agent usually produced naturally by a bacterium or a fungus. |
Semisynthetic | Chemically modified penicillins. |
Conjugation | The transfer of genetic material from one cell to another involving cell-to-cell contact. |
Resistant | The ability of a bacterium to survive the presence of antibiotics. |
Bacteriocidal | An agent capable of killing bacteria. |
Broad Spectrum Antibiotics | An antibiotic that is effective against a wide range of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria (3 words). |
Synergism | The principle whereby the effectiveness of two drugs is greater than that of either drug used alone. |
Macrolides | This group of antibiotics all contain a macrocyclic lactone ring. |
Chemotherapy | Treatment with chemical substances. |
Selective Toxicity | The property that allows a drug to be toxic for a microbe and nontoxic for the host |
Minimal Bactericidal Concentration | The lowest concentration of a chemotherapeutic agent that will kill test microorganisms (3 words) |
Penicillins | A group of over 50 chemically related antibiotics containing a beta lactam ring |
Aminoglycosides | Antibiotics consisting of amino sugars and an aminocyclitol ring. |
Bacteriostatic | An agent capable of inhibiting bacterial growth. |
Minimal Inhibitory Concentration | The lowest concentration of a chemotherapeutic agent that will prevent the growth of a test organism (3 words). |
Tetracyclines | A group of antibiotics that have a four-ring structure. |
Superinfection | Growth of a pathogen that has developed resistance to an antibiotic or overgrowth of an opportunistic pathogen. |