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Biblical Hebrew
Torah Vocabulary-Deep
| Classic Hebrew | Modern Hebrew | English Pronunciation | English Translation | Advanced |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ה־ | הַ־, הָ־, הֶ־ | Hah | THE-definite article TOnight, TOday, etc | ה־ follows: לְ־, בְּ־ כְּ־ they merge consonant after ה־ gets dagesh except=א,ה,ח,ע,ר in which case the vowel in the ה־ changes: If stressed הָ־=ר,ע,א If unstressed הֶ־=ע If stressed הַ־=ה,ח If unstressed kamats/kkamats+ הֶ־=ה,ח |
| ל־ | לְ־, ל־, לִ־, לַ־, לֶ־, לָ־ | l'-, l-, li-, la-, le-, la- | PREP TO/FOR-use w destination TO/FOR-use w recipient of action or possessor | סָגוֹר=close לִסְגּוֹר=to close pa'ál construction: #1 vowel=לִ #2 vowel=לַ #3 vowel=לֶ #4 vowel=לָ Rare vowel=לֵ or ל pi'él, hitpa'él, hitpu'al, & hif'íl construction: Vowel=לְ |
| ו־ | וִ־,וּ־,וַ־,וֶ־,וָ־, וְ־ | W', Wah, Weh, Oo, Wee | And_ *used before listed items except 1st *ו־ attached to Vb may flip its conjug *Vb in perfect tense uses suffix conjug *Vb in imperfect tense uses prefix conjug *vav hahipúkh=ו of flipping *vav hakhibúr=ו of connection, which may have diff vowel | וְ=default starts w: יְ=וִי labial consonant וּ=בומפ shva וּ=בְ Kvowel=non-kvowel וַאֲדָמָה וֶאֱיָל וָחֳדָשׁים kvowel +י =kvowel can be shva & ו can be וִ or וֶ (ו־ + הֱיִיתֶם =וֶהֱיִיתֶם, וֶהְיִיתֶם, & וִהְיִיתֶם) stressed 1st vowel=וָ |
| יום | יוֹם | Yohm | Day | |
| ו | Oh | Them | ||
| ול | Ool | And the__, And for__ | ||
| את | אֵת, אֶת־ | Eht | 1)THOU-proto-sinaitic 2)PREP USED WHEN: *def DO is a proper noun *def DO is a personal pn-where it is incorporated into the form of את *noun phrase beginning with ה־ *noun phrase headed by a noun compound ending | a particle used in front of the direct object of a verb, in this case "the heavens and the earth", indicating that this is what is being "created" |
| אלהים | אֱלֹהִים | Ehloh'heeym | God(s) | |
| ימים | 1) יָמִים (2 יַמִּים | 1)Yahmeeym 2)Yahmeeym | 1)Days 2)Seas | |
| לילה | לַיְלָה | Liy'Lah | Night | |
| בקר | בֹּקֶר-, בוקר | Bohkehr | Morning | |
| ערב | עֲרָב,עָרַב,עֶרֶב, עֶרֶב־ | Erehb Erehb Ahrayb Ahrahb | 1)Day before__ 2)Evening 3)Guarantee, Pretty 4)Arabia (Peninsula) | |
| מועד | מוֹעֵד | Moh'Ayd | 1)Appointment 2)Season 3)Festival | |
| מועדים | מוֹעֲדִים | Moh'Ahdeeym | 1)Appointments 2)Seasons 3)Festivals | |
| שנה | שָׁנָה | Shahnah | 1)Year (time) 2)Repeat another time | |
| שנים | שָׁנִים | Shah'Neeym | 1)Years (time) 2)Repeats many times | |
| רקיע | 1)רָקִיעַ 2)רְקִיעַ־ singular construct | 1)Rah'Keey'Yah 2)R'Kee'Yah | 1)Firmament-the concave surface on which the heavenly bodies appear to move 2)Sky 3)Heavens 4)Expanse | Firmament (Hebrew Mythology): a surface separating the various levels of heaven |
| רקיעים | רְקִיעִים | R'Keey'Yeeym | 1)Firmaments 2)Skies 3)Heavens 4)Expanses | |
| אות | 1)אוֹת (m) 2)אוֹת (f) | Oht | 1)Sign (m) 2)Omen (m) 3)Cue (m) 4)Letter (f) consonant? | |
| אותות | אוֹתוֹת | Oht'Oht | 1)Signs (m) 2)Omens (m) 3)Cues (m) | |
| אותיות | אוֹתִיּוֹת | Oht'Eey'Oht | Letters (f) consonents? | |
| כי | כִּי | Keey | Adverb 1)So 2)Thus Conjunction 1)That 2)For 3)Since 4)Because | Hint=KEY is FOR a door or car |
| טוב | 1) טוֹב 2) טוּב | 1)Tov 2)Toohv | 1)To be/do good (v), Kind (adj) 2)Goodness (n), Virtue (n) | |
| מין | מִין | Meeyn | 1)Species* 2)Kind 3)Type | *GREEK SEPTUAGINT uses: γένος (genos)-->genus [Latin] γένη (gene) *LATIN VULGATE uses Speciem |
| אשר | 1)אֲשֶׁר 2)אָשֵׁר | 1)AhShehr 2)AhShayr | 1)PRONOUN: That, which, who, whom (relative pn used to introduce a relative clause). CONJUNCTION: (relativizer, used to introduce a relative clause) 2)Asher=a son of Jacob | אֲשֶׁר as a conjunction is a relativizer, which is something Standard English doesn't have |
| בין | בֵּין | Bayn | 1)Between 2)Among 3)Amid | Hint=B__n |
| מעל | 1)מֵעַל 2)מָעַל | 1)May'Ahl 2)Mah'Ahl | 1)PREPOSITION=Above, over, higher than, more than 2)VERB=commit sacrilege, steal something from the Temple in Jerusalem, use sacred property for personal use | 1)CONTRACTION of מ- (mi-, “of”) + על (al, “on”). Hint:Mal= to steal from temple, to profane |
| מתחת | מִתַּחַת | Meetah'Chat | Below | |
| ב־ | בְּ־, בַּ, בִּ | Beey-, Bah-, B'- | 1)PREP=in (place/time), at, with | בְּ־ rarely means into, is strictly a PREP, & always takes an object-ie בִּפְנִים “in/inside” is w/o object; לְ־ more often = in/into. Hebrew Months; ie 17th of Tammuz (17 in Tammuz) = 17 בתמוז לְ־ is used with Roman months. |
| בו | בּוֹ | Boh | in them (in+3rd person masc singular personal prounoun as an object) | |
| שמים | שָׁמַיִם | Shah'Mah'Yeem | PLURAL NOUN=the sky, skies, heavens, heaven | Sky-Water=Sham (שָׁמַ) derived from Akkadian samu meaning "sky" & Hebrew mayim (מַיִם) meaning "water" |
| ים | יָם | Yahm | Sea, West (Biblical Cardinal Direction) | Not to be confused with יום (day) even though their plural ימים is identical in Classic Hebrew |
| היתה | הָיְתָה | HahYuhTah | WAS-3rd person feminine singular past | |
| תהו | תֹּהוּ | TohHoo | Formless, Void, desolation, nothingness, emptiness | Similar to תְּהוֹם the abyss |
| בהו | BohHoo | Void | ||
| ראשית | רֵאשִׁית | RaySheeyt | 1)The 1st in place, time, order or rank (firstfruit) 2) beginning, chief, first, principal thing | from ראש meaning head |
| ראש | רֹאשׁ | Rohsh | Head, Leader, | Rosh Hashanah= Head Year = Hebrew New Year |
| ברא | 1) בָּרָא 2) בֵּרֵא | 1) BahRah | VERBE1=To Create Verbe2=To Cut Down, To Clear | Verb only used wrt God |
| חשך | חֹשֶׁךְ | ChoShek | 1) darkness 2) evil, forces of darkness | |
| על | על־, עַל | Ahl, Ahl- | 1) on, upon, over; about, concerning 2)Super-: above; more than; larger than | |
| פני | 1) פְּנֵי־ , פָּנַי 2) פָּנָה, פְּנֵה | 1) P'Nay-, PahNahy 2) P'Nah, PahNah | 1) NOUN=FACE, surFACE 2) VERB=to face, to turn | |
| תהום | תְּהוֹם | T'Hoom | ABYSS, VOID, (cosmology) The Deep, depth; (figuratively) large difference | |
| רוח | רוּחַ | wind, breath, spirit | ||
| רחף | רָחַף | RahChahf | VERB-qal=to brood; to be relaxed, TO FLUTTER, to move, to shake VERB-piel=TO HOVER | |
| פני | P'Nay | FACE, SurFACE | ||
| יהוה | secular Jews vocalize as אֲדֹנָי orthodox Jews vocalize as הַשֵּׁם | Adonai Hashem YHWH-pronunciation lost | the original pronunciation was probably lost around the Hellenistic era Tetragrammaton, one of the names of God. The proper, personal name of the Jewish God. | |
| BEING VERBS | *יהוה -I am that I am/ I will be what I will be/ I was what I was (all tenses) *היתה -__was (past tense) *היה -to be (present tense) *יהי -he becomes (imperative) *הָיְתָה-she became | |||
| THE VOID | *תהו= void, formless *תהום= void, abyss *בהו = void, empty | |||
| מרחפת | was moving | |||
| יאמר | 1. יֹאמֶר 2. יֵאָמַר | 1. Yohmehr 2. YayAhmahr | 1. [He/it] will say (third-person masculine singular future) 2. [It] will be said (third-person masculine singular future) | 1. from אָמַר 2. from נאמר |
| יהי | יְהִי | Y'Heey | IMPERATIVE VERB=be | |
| היה | הָיָה | HahYah | to be, to exist | The present tense is usually omitted; in some cases a pronoun (such as הוא, יש, or הינו) is used rather than any form of the verb |
| אור | אוֹר | Ohr | 1. NOUN=visible light (electromagnetic radiation of any frequency), light source, fire, "light of understanding" 2. VERB=to shine, to illuminate | |
| ירא | יָרֵא | YahrUh | to fear, be afraid, to revere, respect, stand in awe (of) | translated beheld in English |
| BEHOLD VERBS | *infinitive לירוא \ לִירֹא *present יָרֵא *future יִירָא *imperative יְרָא *passive counterpart נוֹרָא | |||
| יבדל | VERB=will separate oneself from, will separate (imperfect, 3rd person, sing, masc) | Strongs=914, Gen 1:6,7 | ||
| קרא | קָרָא | kahrah | 1. to call, 2. to read | pa'al construction: infinitive לקרוא \ לִקְרֹא future יִקְרָא passive counterpart נִקְרָא |
| עשה | עָשָׂה | ahsah | Forming words pertaining to doing or making. | linking V: present עוֹשֶׂה future יַעֲשֶׂה passive participle עָשׂוּי passive counterpart נַעֲשָׂה *never introduces a bare infinitive מַעֲשֶׂה=deed, action, event, story עָשׂוּי=made of נַעֲשָׂה=to be done, made; to become מַעַשׂ=action |
| בדל | בְדֵּל | B'Dayl | Forming words relating to separation or distinction | בְּדָל (b'dál) בָּדַל (badál) בידל \ בִּדֵּל (bidél) הִבְדִיל (hivdíl) הֶבְדֵּל (hevdél) הַבְדָּלָה (havdalá) הִבָּדְלוּת (hibad'lút) נִבְדַּל (nivdál) |
| י | יַּ | Yah | He is__ | |
| שם | 1. שֵׁם 2. שָׁם | 1. Shaym 2. Shahm | 1. Name 2. There |
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