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Patent Airway
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Structures of the Airway
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105 Chapter 9
Airway Management
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Patent Airway | Open Airway |
| Structures of the Airway | nose, mouth, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs |
| Structures posterior and inferior to the mouth&nasal passageways | oropharynx, nasopharynx, laryngopharynx (entrance to trachea) |
| Laryngopharynx/ hypopharynx | point between upper and lower airways. provides structure and protects opening of the trachea |
| larynx | protected by the superior epiglottis, at the the glottic opening |
| trachea | tube protected by 16 rings of cartilage, anterior to esophagus, inferior to thyroid cartilage and larynx, protected by cricoid cartilage. |
| cricoid cartilage | protects the superior part of trachea 360 degrees around, the other rings are 3/4s around |
| Mainstem Bronchi | Bifurcated part of the trachea that starts at the carina |
| diffusion | movement of gases from high concentration to low concentration |
| Region that the lungs, bronchioles and alveolis cover | from the clavicles to the diaphragm |
| Common obstruction with decreased mental status | loss of muscle tone results in the tongue relax+fall back which causes the epiglottis to fall back and cover the trachea |
| Acute Airway Obstruction | now by foreign body, choking |
| Chronic Airway Obstruction | 3 months or longer, ie. mucus |
| bronchoconstriction | when smooth muscle contracts and decreases the internal diameter of the airway, fand increases resistance to airflow ie. asthma |
| stridor | a high-pitched sound generated from partially obstructed airflow in the upper airway |
| sniffing position | bolt upright position with head pitched forward like to sniff something. |
| sounds of obstructed air movememt | stridor, snoring, gurgling, gasping |
| jaw-thrust maneuver | used to correct blockage of the airway by moving the jaw forward without tilting the head and neck, ONLY HEAD, NECK, SPINAL |
| head-tilt chin-lift maneuver | used to correct blockage of the airway by the tongue and tissues connected (epiglottis) by tilting head back and lifting the chin NEVER HEAD NECK SPINAL |
| OPA | oropharyngeal airway inserted in the mouth to help properly position the tongue |
| NPA | nasopharyngeal airway inserted in the nasal that rests in the pharynx and also helps properly position the tongue. Lube with water-based lubricant |
| gag reflec | swallowing or retching that occurs when something is placed in the back of the pharynx |
| cerebrospinal fluid | clear fluid from the nose or ears indicating a skull fracture and that an NPA should not be used |
| Suction Devices | must have at least 30 liters/min of suction at opening of collection tube, which will occur if the vacuum generates no less than 300mm Hg |
| Yankauer | the rigid pharyngeal tip for suction |
| Techniques of Suctioning | 1) Always use the appropriate infection control practices 2) Limit suctioning to no longer than 10 seconds at a time 3) place the tip/catheter where you want to begin suctioning and suction on the way out |
Created by:
jon.kowalski
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