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IntroPsych-Chp8

Memory

QuestionAnswer
What is encode? To represent information in some form in memory system
What is stage theory of memory? A model of memory based on idea that we store info in three separate but linked memories.
What are the 3 stages of theory of memory? Sensory register Short-term memory Long-term memory
What is the capacity of STM? magic number 7 plus or minus 2. 7 +/- 2
What are the 4 major ways LTM differs from STM? *The way which info is recalled *The form which info is stored in memory *The reason that forgetting occurs *The physical location of these functions in the brain
What is declarative memory? Semantic Memory & Episodic Memory
What is recall method? A measure of memory based on ability to retrieve information from long-term memory w/few cues.
What is recognition method? A measure of memory based on ability to select correct information from among the options provided.
What is relearning method? A measure of memory based on length of time it takes to relearn forgotten material.
What is serial position effect? The finding that immediate recall of items listed in a fixed order is often better for items at the beginning and end of the list than for those in the middle.
What is the levels of processing model ? An alternative to the stage theory of memory, stating that the distinction between STM and LTM is a matter of degree rather than different kinds of memory & is based on how incoming information is processed.
What is elaboration ? The process of creating associations between a new memory and existing memories
What is decay theory? The theory that forgetting occurs as the memory fades over time.
What is interference theory? The theory that forgetting occurs because similar memories interfere with storage or retrieval of information. Interference comes primarily from similar memorie
What is reconstruction (schema) theory? The theory that information stored in LTM sometimes changes over time to become more consistent with our beliefs, knowledge and expectations. suggests that some memories become so distorted over time that they are unrecognizable.
What is sensory register? First stage of memory, which an exact image of each sensory experience is held briefly until it can be processed.
What is rehearsal? mental repetition of information to retain it longer in STM
What is semantic memory? "i know what a guitar is" memory for meaning w/o reference to the time & place of learning
What is episodic memory? "I remember buying my first guitar" memory for specific experiences that can be defined in terms of time & space.
What is procedural memory? memory for motor movements & skills how to ride a bike, how to cook.
What is motivated forgetting? forgetting that occurs because memory is upsetting or threatening
What is false memory? remember an event that never happened
What is engram Partially understood memory trace in the brain that is the biological basis of memory (the biological basis of memory) The change in the brain that occurs when a memory trace is stored.
What is synaptic facilitation? the process by which neural activity causes structural changes in the synapsis that facilitate more efficient learning and memory
What is consolidation? the gradual strengthening of chemical changes in synapses following learning experience
What is retrograde amnesia? a memory disorder - unable to retrieve old long-term memories, generally for a specific period of time
What is anterograde amnesia? disorder of memory - inability to store and/or retrieve new information in long-term memory
What is Korsakoff's syndrome? A disorder involving both anterograde and retrograde amnesia caused by excessive use of alcohol.
Created by: edarr
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