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European Union (EU)
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Europe and Russia
Key terms for Europe and Russia Unit.
Question | Answer |
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European Union (EU) | A supranational organization through which a number of European countries work together on shared issues. |
supranational cooperation | a form of international cooperation in which countries give up some control of their affairs as they work together to achieve shared goals. |
centrifugal force | a force that divides people and countries |
centripetal force | a force that unites people and countries |
Push factors | Something that encourages people to leave a place behind. |
Pull factors | Something that encourages people to move to a new place. |
Common Market | a group of countries that act as a single market, without trade barriers between member countries |
trade bloc | A group of countries that work together to promote trade with one another. |
demography | the study of human populations |
birth rate | The number of births in a year for every 1,000 people in a population. |
death rate | The number of deaths in a year for every 1,000 people in a population. |
dependency ratio | the number of old and young dependents who don't work compared with the working-age population |
population pyramid | A graph that shows the ages and sexes in a population, with the youngest ages as the bottom. The graph is often shaped like a pyramid. |
life expectancy | the average age a person in a given population can expect to live |
replacement rate | the total fertility rate needed for a population to replace itself |
total fertility rate | the average number of children a woman in a given population will have in her lifetime |
Demographic transition model | A model of how the size of a population changes as a country develops its economy. |
pollution | Damage to the natural environment caused by harmful substances. |
transboundary pollution | pollution that starts in one country and crosses boundaries into other countries |
acid rain | rain that can damage the environment because it contains acid from factory smoke and car exhaust |
nuclear radiation | a form of energy that comes from nuclear reactions |
river system | a river and all the streams that flow into it |
erosion | the gradual wearing away of Earth's surface by the action of wind, water, ice, and gravity |
glaciation | the creation and movement of glaciers |
physical processes | natural forces that change Earth's physical features |
tectonic movement | the movement of plates below Earth's surface |
volcanic activity | the formation and eruption of volcanoes |