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Special Populations

Paramedic Special Populations: Ob/Gyn/Pediatrics/Geriatrics

Question/Definition	Term/Answer
Termination of pregnancy before the 20th week of gestation	Abortion
Cyanosis of the extremities	Acrocyanosis
Respiratory insufficiency marked by progressive hypoxemia due to severe inflammatory damage	Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)
A legal document that is prepared in advance that provides guidelines on treatment if the person is no longer capable of making decisions	Advance Directive
The placenta and accompanying membranes that are expelled from the uterus after the birth of a child	Afterbirth
Discrimination against aged or elderly people	Ageism
A progressive, degenerative disease that attacks the brain and results in impaired memory, thinking, and behavior	Alzheimer’s Disease
Clear, watery fluid that surrounds and protects the developing fetus	Amniotic Fluid
The membranes that surround and protect the developing fetus throughout the period of intrauterine development. (bag of waters)	Amniotic Sac
Abnormal dilation of a vessel, usually an artery, due to a congenital defect or a weakness in the wall of the vessel	Aneurysm
A form of inflammatory arthritis that primarily affects the spine	Ankylosing Spondylitis
An eating disorder marked by excessive fasting	Anorexia Nervosa
An oxygen deficiency due to disordered pulmonary mechanisms of oxygenation	Anoxic Hypoxemia
Before the onset of labor	Antepartum
A degeneration of the wall of the aorta	Aortic Dissection
Compression of the aorta and vena cava by the gravid uterus in the supine pregnant patient	Aortocaval Compression
A numerical system of rating the condition of a newborn that evaluates a newborn’s heart rate, respiratory rate, muscle tone, reflex irritability, and color	APGAR Score
The absence or impairment of the ability to communicate through speaking, writing, or signing as a result of brain dysfunction	Aphasia
Housing for the elderly or disabled that provides nursing care, housekeeping, and prepared meals as needed	Assisted Living
A condition marked by recurrent attacks of dyspnea with wheezing due to spasmodic constriction of the bronchi, often as a response to allergens or to mucus plugs in the arterial walls	Asthma
An abnormality of the involuntary aspect of the nervous system	Autonomic Dysfunction
Bacterial infection of the airway, subglottic region; in children, most likely to appear after episodes of croup	Bacterial Tracheitis
Fractures characterized by angulation and deformity in the bone without an obvious break	Bend Fractures
A hate crime based on bias	Bias-Motivated Crime
Avoidable and unavoidable mechanical and anoxic trauma incurred by the newborn during labor and delivery	Birth Injury
Injury to the brain tissues caused by an inadequate supply of oxygen and nutrients	Brain Ischemia
Chronic dilation of a bronchus or bronchi, with a secondary infection typically involving the lower portion of the lung	Bronchiectasis
Viral infection of the medium-sized airways, occurring most frequently during the first year of life	Bronchiolitis
Fractures characterized by a raised or bulging projection at the fracture site	Buckle Fractures
The inability of the heart to meet the metabolic needs of the body, resulting in inadequate tissue perfusion	Cardiogenic Shock
A medical condition in which the lens of the eye loses its clearness	Cataracts
Inflammation of cellular or connective tissue	Cellulitis
IV line placed into the superior vena cava for the administration of long-term fluid therapy	Central IV Line
Legally retaining items of evidence and accounting for their whereabouts at all times to prevent loss or tampering	Chain of Evidence
Physical or emotional violence or neglect toward a person from infancy to 18 years of age	Child Abuse
Congenital closure of the passage between the nose and pharynx by a bony or membranous structure	Choanal Atresia
Congenital vertical fissure in the upper lip	Cleft Lip
Congenital fissure in the roof of the mouth, forming a passageway between oral and nasal cavities	Cleft Palate
A surgical diversion of the large intestine through an opening in the skin where the fecal matter is collected in a pouch	Colostomy
Having more than 1 disease at a time	Comorbidity
Deafness caused when transmission of the sound waves through the external ear canal to the middle or inner ear is blocked	Conductive Deafness
Present at birth	Congenital
A living arrangement in which the elderly live in, but do not own, individual apartments or rooms and receive select services	Congregate Care
Congestive heart failure secondary to pulmonary hypertension	Cor Pulmonale
Laryngotracheobronchitis; a common viral infection of young children, resulting in edema of the subglottic tissues; characterized by barking cough and inspiratory stridor	Croup
The bulging of the fetal head past the opening of the vagina during a contraction; it is an indication of impending delivery	Crowning
Infection of the urinary bladder	Cystitis
The inability to hear	Deafness
Recommended delay in clamping the umbilical cord in a newly born infant who does not require immediate resuscitation to minimize the likelihood of intraventricular hemorrhage	Delayed Cord Clamping (DCC)
An acute alteration in mental functioning that is often reversible	Delirium
A deterioration of mental status that is usually associated with structural neurological disease that is progressive and irreversible	Dementia
Destruction or removal of the myelin sheath of nerve tissue	Demyelination
Complication of diabetes due to decreased insulin secretion or intake; characterized by high levels of blood glucose, metabolic acidosis, and, in advanced stages, coma; aka diabetic coma	Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Slow loss of vision as a result of damage done by diabetes	Diabetic Retinopathy
Protrusion of abdominal contents into the thoracic cavity through an opening in the diaphragm	Diaphragmatic Hernia
Marked decrease in peripheral vascular resistance with resultant hypotension; examples include septic, neurogenic, and anaphylactic shock	Distributive Shock
Physical or emotional violence or neglect when an elder is being cared for in a home-based setting	Domestic Elder Abuse
Channel between the main pulmonary artery and the aorta of the fetus	Ductus Arteriosus
Painful menstruation	Dysmenorrhea
Painful sexual intercourse	Dyspareunia
The inability to swallow or difficulty swallowing	Dysphagia
An exaggerated feeling of depression or unrest, characterized by a mood of general dissatisfaction, restlessness, discomfort, and unhappiness	Dysphoria
Painful urination often associated with cystitis	Dysuria
The implantation of a developing fetus outside the uterus, often in a fallopian tube	Ectopic Pregnancy
The thinning and shortening of the cervix during labor	Effacement
A person aged 65 or older	Elderly
Federally funded program aimed at improving the health of pediatric patients who suffer from life-threatening illnesses and injuries	Emergency Medical Services for Children (EMSC)
Term for vomitus	Emesis
Condition in which endometrial tissue grows outside the uterus	Endometriosis
Infection of the endometrium	Endometritis
The innermost layer of the uterus where a fertilized egg implants or, if fertilization and implantation does not occur, is sloughed off	Endometrium
Removal of the eyeball after trauma or illness	Enucleation
Bacterial infection of the epiglottis, usually occurring in children older than age 4	Epiglottitis
An incision of the perineum to facilitate delivery of the baby and to prevent spontaneous tearing	Episiotomy
Nosebleed	Epistaxis
The approximate day the infant will be born; usually set at 40 weeks after the date of the mother’s last menstrual period	Estimated Date of Confinement (EDC)
Disorder involving external secretions	Exocrine
Outside the uterus	Extrauterine
Seizures that occur as a result of a sudden increase in body temperature; occurs most commonly between the ages of 6 months to 6 years old	Febrile Seizures
The formation of fiber-like connective tissue in an organ (scar tissue)	Fibrosis
Blockage or obstruction of the airway by an object that impairs respiration; in the case of pediatric patients, tongues, abundant secretions, and deciduous (baby) teeth are common airway blocks	Foreign Body Airway Obstruction (FBAO)
Decreased ability to meet daily needs on an independent basis	Functional Impairment
Death of tissue or bone, usually from an insufficient blood supply	Gangrene
A syndrome in which an elderly person is physically or psychologically injured by another person	Geriatric Abuse
The study and treatment of diseases of the aged	Geriatrics
The scientific study of the effects of aging and of age-related diseases in humans	Gerontology
A group of eye diseases that result in increased intraocular pressure on the optic nerve	Glaucoma
A form of inflammation of the kidneys that primarily involves the glomeruli, one of the capillary networks that are part of the renal corpuscles in the nephrons	Glomerulonephritis
Opening and closing of the glottic space	Glottic Function
Fractures characterized by an incomplete break in the bone	Greenstick Fractures
The area just below the head of a long bone in which growth in bone length occurs; the epiphyseal plate	Growth Plate
An acute viral infection that triggers the production of autoantibodies, which damage the myelin sheath covering the peripheral nerves that causes a rapid, progressive loss of motor function.	Guillain-Barre Syndrome
The Greek word for ‘woman’	Gynaik
The branch of medicine that deals with health maintenance and the diseases of women, primarily of the reproductive organs	Gynecology
A life-threatening condition that is caused by a disturbance in temperature regulation	Heatstroke
A condition that is characterized by sudden coughing with production of salty sputum with frothy bright-red blood	Hemoptysis
Enlarged liver	Hepatomegaly
Protrusion or projection of an organ or part of an organ through the wall of the cavity that normally contains it	Herniation
An acute eruption caused by a reactivation of latent varicella virus in the dorsal root ganglia (shingles)	Herpes Zoster
Protrusion of the stomach upward into the mediastinal cavity through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm	Hiatal Hernia
A program of palliative care and support services that addresses the physical, social, economic, and spiritual needs of terminally ill patients and their families	Hospice
the illegal movement and trade of people, usually for forced labor or commercial sexual exploitation	Human Trafficking
An excessive amount of bilirubin (the orange colored pigment associated with bile) in the blood. In newborns, the condition appears as jaundice.	Hyperbilirubinemia
Abnormally high concentration of glucose in the blood	Hyperglycemia
An increase in the size of bulk of an organ or structure that is caused by growth rather than by a tumor	Hypertrophy
An abnormal concern with one’s health, with the false belief of suffering for some disease, despite medical assurances to the contrary	Hypochondriasis
Abnormally low concentration of glucose in the blood	Hypoglycemia
Decreased amount of intravascular fluid in the body; often due to trauma that causes blood loss into a body cavity or frank external hemorrhage; in children, can be a result of vomiting and diarrhea	Hypovolemic Shock
Diminished vigor of the immune response to the challenge or rechallenge by pathogens	Immune Senescence
The inability to retain urine or feces because of loss of sphincter control or cerebral or spinal lesions	Incontinence
Physical or emotional violence or neglect when an elder is being cared for by a person paid to provide care	Institutional Elder Abuse
A respirator setting in which a patient-triggered breath does not result in assistance by the machine	Intermittent Mandatory Ventilation (IMV)
Bleeding directly into the brain	Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Resistant to cure, relief, or control	Intractable
Occurring during childbirth	Intrapartum
A clear plastic enclosed bassinet used to keep prematurely born infants warm; aka incubator	Isolette
An exaggeration of the normal posterior curvature of the spine	Kyphosis
The time and processes that occur during childbirth; the physiologic and mechanical process in which the baby, placenta, and amniotic sac are expelled through the birth canal	Labor
An inner each ear infection that causes vertigo, nausea, and an unsteady gait	Labyrinthitis
Communities that provide apartments and/or homes for independent living and a range of services, including nursing care	Life-Care Community
Vaginal discharge following birth that contains blood, mucus, and placental tissue	Lochia
The process of softening a solid by soaking it in a liquid	Maceration
The technique of cupping the uterus to lift it upward and leftward off the maternal blood vessels	Manual Lateral Uterine Displacement (LUD)
A hereditary condition of connective tissue, bones, muscles, ligaments, and skeletal structures that is characterized by an irregular and unsteady gait, tall lean body type with long extremities, flat feet, and stooped shoulders.	Marfan Syndrome
Dark green material found in the intestine of the full-term newborn. It can be expelled from the intestine into the amniotic fluid during periods of fetal distress	Meconium
A dark, tarry stool caused by the presence of “digested” free blood	Melena
The onset of menses, usually occurring between the ages of 10 and 14	Menarche
A disease of the inner ear characterized by vertigo, nerve deafness, and a roar or buzzing in the ear	Meniere’s Disease
Herniation of the spinal cord and membranes through a defect in the spinal column	Meningomyelocele
The cessation of menses and ovarian function due to decreased secretion of estrogen	Menopause
Excessive menstrual flow	Menorrhagia
Menstrual period	Menses
Sloughing of the uterine lining if a fertilized egg is not implanted	Menstruation
The death of tissue in the peritoneal fold (mesentery) that encircles the small intestine	Mesenteric Ischemia or Infarct
A pregnancy that spontaneously end before 20 weeks gestation	Miscarriage
Abdominal pain associated with ovulation	Mittelschmerz
The fatty layer of tissue over the pubic symphysis	Mons Pubis
A genetic disorder that can affect the lungs and pancreas and is characterized by abnormally viscous mucous secretions that can obstruct passageways and ducts (cystic fibrosis)	Mucoviscidosis
A disease characterized by episodic muscle weakness triggered by an autoimmune attack of the ACh receptors	Myasthenia Gravis
The thick middle layer of the uterus that consists of 3 layers of smooth muscle fibers	Myometrium
A tube that runs through the nose and esophagus into the stomach; used for administering liquid nutrients or medications or for removing air or liquids from the stomach	Nasogastric Tube
A generalized disorder presenting a clinical picture of CNS hyperirritability, GI dysfunction, respiratory distress, and vague autonomic symptoms. May be due to intrauterine exposure to heroin, methadone, or other less potent opiates	Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS)
An infant from the time of birth to 1 month of age	Neonate
The functional units of the kidneys	Nephrons
A condition that results form an abnormally low neutrophil count in the blood	Neutropenia
A baby in the first few hours of its life	Newborn
Excessive urination during the night	Nocturia
Types of shock that result from causes other than inadequate cardiac output	Noncardiogenic Shock
The branch of medicine that deals with care of women throughout pregnancy	Obstetrics
An elderly person aged 80 or older	Old-Old
Congenital hernia of the umbilicus	Omphalocele
A tube that runs through the mouth and esophagus and into the stomach; used for administering liquid nutrients or medications or for removing air or liquids from the stomach	Orogastric Tube
A degenerative joint disease characterized by a loss of articular cartilage and hypertrophy of bone	Osteoarthritis
The softening of bone tissue due to the loss of essential minerals, primarily calcium	Osteoporosis
A middle ear infection	Otitis Media
The release of an egg from the ovary	Ovulation
A chronic, degenerative disease characterized by tremors, muscular weakness, and rigidity, and a loss of postural reflexes	Parkinson’s Disease
Physical or emotional violence from a man or woman toward a domestic partner	Partner Abuse
An acute infection of the reproductive organs that can be caused by a bacterium, virus, or fungus	Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
The outermost layer of the uterus that consists of a visceral lining that covers the body of the uterus as well as the abdominal cavity and organs	Perimetrium
a roughly diamond-shaped, skin-covered area of muscular tissues separating the vagina and anus	Perineum
Condition in which blood continues to bypass the fetal respiratory system, resulting in ongoing hypoxia	Persistent Fetal Circulation
A living arrangement that includes room, board, and some supervision	Personal-Care Home
Exposure to sunlight or artificial light for therapeutic purposes. In newborns, light is used to treat hyperbilirubinemia or jaundice	Phototherapy
Unusually small jaw, combined with a cleft palate, downward displacement of the tongue, and an absent gag reflex	Pierre Robin Syndrome
An involuntary tremor, usually in 1 hand or both, in which fingers move as if they were rolling a pill back and forth	Pill-Rolling Motion
The "organ of pregnancy" that is attached to the wall of the uterus and serves as a lifeline for the developing fetus	Placenta
An excess of red blood cells. In a newborn, the condition may reflect hypovolemia or prolonged intrauterine hypoxia	Polycythemia
The ‘let down’ feeling experienced during the period following birth that occurs in roughly 70-80% of mothers	Postpartum Depression
Condition in which a woman has severe depression symptoms, irritability, and tension before menstruation	Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD)
A variety of signs and symptoms, such as weight gain, irritability, or specific food cravings, associated with the changing hormonal levels that precede menstruation	Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)
Progressive hearing loss that occurs with aging	Presbycusis
Ischemic damage caused by pressure that results in necrosis affecting the skin, subcutaneous tissue, and often the muscle.	Pressure Ulcer
Itching that often occurs as a symptom of some systemic change or illness	Pruritus
the cartilaginous joint that connects the 2 pubic bones	Pubic Symphysis
The time period surrounding the birth of the fetus	Puerperium
Any disorder of the retina	Retinopathy
A general term used to describe an abnormal decline in mental functioning seen in the elderly	Senile Dementia
Deafness caused by the inability of nerve impulses to reach the auditory center of the brain due to nerve damage to the inner ear or brain	Sensorineural Deafness
the portion of the brain that functions as a center of sensations	Sensorium
Unwanted oral, genital, rectal, or manual sexual contact	Sexual Assault
Surgical connection that runs from the brain to the abdomen for the purpose of draining excess cerebrospinal fluid, thus preventing increased intracranial pressure	Shunt
Chronic orthostatic hypotension caused by a primarily autonomic nervous system deficiency	Shy-Drager Syndrome
A group of disorders characterized by dysfunction of the sinoatrial node in the heart	Sick Sinus Syndrome
A myocardial infarction that occurs without exhibiting obvious signs and symptoms	Silent Myocardial Infarction
A degeneration of the vertebral body	Spondylosis
Prolonged seizure or multiple seizures with no regaining of consciousness between them	Status Epilepticus
A permanent surgical opening in the neck through which the patient breathes	Stoma
The injury or death of brain tissue resulting from interruption of cerebral blood flow and oxygenation	Stroke
A series of symptoms resulting from a heart block that results in decreased blood flow to the brain and a sudden decrease in cardiac output	Stokes-Adams Syndrome
Bleeding that occurs between the arachnoid and dura mater of the brain	Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
An illness of unknown etiology that occurs during the first year of life, with the peak at ages 2 to 4 months	Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)
A toxic condition characterized by tachycardia, nervous symptoms, and rapid metabolism due to hyperactivity of the thyroid gland	Thyrotoxicosis
Ringing or tingling in the ears	Tinnitus
The process of stopping labor	Tocolysis
Small surgical opening that a surgeon makes from the anterior neck into the trachea, held open by a metal or plastic tube	Tracheostomy
A reversible interruption of blood flow to the brain that is often seen as a precursor to a stroke	Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)
The ability of the skin to return to its normal appearance after being subjected to pressure	Turgor
The number of pillows needed to ease the difficulty of breathing while laying down	Two-Pillow Orthopnea
Structure containing 2 arteries and 1 vein that connects the placenta and the fetus	Umbilical Cord
Septicemia originating from the urinary tract	Urosepsis
The surgical division of the urinary tract to a stoma, or hole, in the abdominal wall	Urostomy
a hollow, thick-walled, muscular, inverted-pear-shaped organ that connects with the vagina and functions as a site for fetal development	Uterus
Stimulation of the vagus nerve, causing a parasympathetic response	Vagal Stimulation
An abnormal dilation of a vein or group of veins	Varicosities
The sensation of faintness of dizziness; may cause a loss of balance	Vertigo
The collective term for the female external genitalia (vulva)	Pudendum
A hormone produced by the ovaries that causes the endometrium to thicken and become engorged with blood in preparation for implantation of a fertilized ovum	Estrogen
The primary female gonads	Ovaries
The neck of the uterus that extends from the narrowest portion of the uterus to connect with the vagina	Cervix
A hormone produced by the corpus luteum during the second half of the menstrual cycle until the placenta can take over	Progesterone
The upper two-thirds of the uterus that consists of 3 layers of tissue that make up the uterine wall	Body
The rounded uppermost portion of the body of the uterus that lies just above the point at which the fallopian tubes attach	Fundus
The inner and outer folds of the vulva that protects the vagina and urethra	Labia
How many weeks is considered a term pregnancy?	38 weeks
How does measuring work in relation to the fundus and weeks of gestation in pregnancy?	1 cm = 1 week
The fundus height is measured from the ___ to the top of the fundus	Pubic Symphysis
Where does fertilization occur?	The distal 3rd of the fallopian tube
What disease is the most common cause of abdominal pain in women of childbearing years?	PID
What are the 2 leading causes of PID?	Chlamydia and Gonorrhea
Painless and infrequent uterine contractions in preparation for the birthing process	Braxton Hick’s Contractions
The thin flexible tubes that conduct the egg from the space around the ovaries into the uterine cavity via peristalsis	Fallopian Tubes
Superficial edema and bruising around the umbilicus	Cullen's Sign
What is the leading cause of maternal death during the 1st trimester of pregnancy?	Ectopic Pregnancy
How does the length of the urethra in females make them more susceptible to bladder infections?	Bacteria is able to travel more easily up the urinary tract
a hormone produced by the pituitary gland that stimulates the growth of ovarian follicles until one matures enough to release an ovum	Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
a hormone produced by the pituitary gland that surges on the 14th day of the menstrual cycle and causes ovulation to occur	Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
a small yellowish body of cells that develops from the ruptured follicle during ovulation and continues to produce progesterone for a fertilized ovum until the placenta can take over	Corpus Luteum
The period of time from ovulation to menstruation is how many days?	14 days
The phase of the menstrual cycle that is dominated by estrogen, which causes the endometrium to thicken and become engorged with blood.	Proliferate Phase
The phase of the menstrual cycle immediately surrounding ovulation in which estrogen levels drop sharply and progesterone levels quickly rise.	Secretory Phase
The phase of the menstrual cycle that occurs if fertilization does not take place, causing the endometrium to become pale and small blood vessels to rupture	Ischemic Phase
The phase of the menstrual cycle during which the endometrium is shed along with a discharge of blood, mucus, and cellular debris	Menstrual Phase
During menstruation, the average amount of blood loss is __mL	50 mL
What is the most common emergency gynecological complaint from women?	Abdominal Pain
What is the second most common emergency gynecological complaint from women?	Vaginal Bleeding
Term used to describe the number of times a woman has been pregnant	Gravida
Term used to describe the number of times a woman has given birth	Para
What is the most common cause of non-traumatic vaginal bleeding?	Spontaneous Abortion
If a woman has intercourse 24-48 hours before ovulation, then ___ can occur	Fertilization
a hollow ball of cells	Blastocyst
the period of time from conception until the delivery of the fetus	Prenatal Period
the umbilical ___ transport oxygenated blood from the placenta to the fetus	Vein
the umbilical ___ transport mostly deoxygenated blood from the fetus to the placenta	Arteries
By the end of pregnancy, the uterus weighs roughly 1000g (a little over 2lbs) and has a fluid capacity of ___ mL	5,000 mL
A protective collective of thickened mucous over the cervix that serves as a protective barrier and helps prevent infections	Mucus Plug
a clear mucous-like tissue that insulates and protects the umbilical arteries and vein	Wharton's Jelly
During pregnancy, the mother's blood volume will roughly increase by ___%	45%
How much blood loss can a pregnant female suffer before there is a significant change in vital signs?	30-35%
a decrease in blood pressure that occurs when a pregnant woman lays supine and the gravid uterus compresses the inferior vena cava	Supine Hypotensive Syndrome
Each trimester is ___ weeks in length	13 weeks
The stage of pregnancy that consists of the first 14 days after conception	Preembryonic Stage
The stage of pregnancy that begins at day 15 and ends at 8 weeks	Embryonic Stage
The stage of pregnancy that begins at 8 weeks gestation and continues until delivery	Fetal Stage
At how many weeks can fetal heart tones be auscultated via stethoscope?	20 weeks
At how many weeks can the sex of the fetus be determined?	16 weeks
the time interval prior to the birth of the fetus	Antepartum
the time interval after the birth of the fetus	Postpartum
A woman who is pregnant for the 1st time	Primigravida
A woman who has given birth for the 1st time	Primipara

Created by: sarah.thomas32

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