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Chapter 9 - Bell
Ch. 9: The Cardiovascular System—Cardiology - Bell
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| valvul/o | valve |
| atri/o | atrium |
| sept/o | septum |
| ventricul/o | ventricle |
| cardi/o | heart |
| coron/o | heart |
| aort/o | aorta- the vessel that carries blood from the left ventricle to the systemic circulation |
| arteri/o | artery- muscular vessel that takes blood away from the heart |
| ather/o | fatty plaque |
| phleb/o | vein- vessels that take blood back to the heart |
| ven/o | vein- vessels that take blood back to the heart |
| pectoralgia | pain in the chest (not necessarily due to the heart) |
| angina pectoris | chest pain due to irregular flow to the heart |
| palpitation | rapid or irregular beating of the heart |
| arrhythmia | irregular heartbeat |
| dysrhythmia | irregular heartbeat |
| endocardium | inner lining of the heart |
| myocardium | middle layer of the heart, made of muscle |
| epicardium | tissue lining the outside of the heart |
| pericardium | tissue around the heart |
| vena cava | a large sized vein that returns blood to the right atrium; divided into the superior and inferior vena cava |
| superior vena cava | collects blood from the head, neck, upper chest, and arms |
| inferior vena cava | collects blood from the lower body regions |
| cardiac catheterization | process of sticking a hollow (catheter) into the heart |
| sonography | using ultrasound waves to view the heart |
| echocardiography | using ultrasound waves to produce an image of the heart |
| echocardiogram | image of the heart produced by ultrasound |
| transesophageal echocardiogram | sonograph is inserted into the esophagus; it is used to obtain a clearer image of the heart using ultrasound waves |
| electrocardiography | process of recording the electrical activity of the heart |
| electrocardiogram | record of the electrical activity of the heart |
| stress electrocardiogram | obtained while the patient is working out |
| blood pressure | the force of blood pressing against the vessel walls |
| diastolic pressure | pressure on vessel walls while the heart is in diastole (relaxing) |
| systolic pressure | pressure on vessel walls when the heart is in systole (contracting) |
| murmur | abnormal heart sound due to blood flow |
| diaphoresis | profuse sweating |
| circulation | moving blood through the vessels and back to the heart |
| systemic circulation | circulation from the heart to everywhere except the lungs and heart |
| pulmonary circulation | circulation from the heart through pulmonary vessels to pick up oxygen and then back to the heart |
| coronary circulation | circulation to the heart muscle and then back to the heart (to the right atrium) |
| Congestive Cardiomyopathy, dilated cardiomyopathy | the heart cannot pump out all of the blood, causing the heart to become stretched and dilated and the pumping of blood to weaken or slow |
| hypertrophic cardiomyopathy | enlarged heart muscle obstructs flow |
| restrictive cardiomyopathy | stiffened heart muscle restricts filling, therefore amount of blood heart pumps is reduced |
| aneurysm | bulge in a blood vessel (due to a weak area of the vessel wall) |
| cardiotonic | increases strength of heart contractions |
| NSR | normal sinus rhythm |
| A-fib | atrial fibrillation (atrial not contracting; muscle is quivering) |
| SCA | sudden cardiac arrest (heart not beating) |
| ASD | atrial septal defect |
| VSD | ventricular septal defect |
| MVP | mitral valve prolapse (valve does not close properly, allowing blood to back flow into the left atrium when the left ventricle contracts) |
| CO | cardiac output- amount of blood pumped by the heart in one minute, measured in liters) |
| SV | stroke volume- amount of blood ejected by the ventricle in one contraction, measured in milliliters |
| ECHO | echocardiogram |
| TEE | transesophageal echocardiogram |
| CTA | computed tomographic angiography- use CT scan to obtain an x-ray of the coronary arteries |
| EKG | electrocardiogram |
| MRA | magnetic resonance angiography |
| CHF | congestive heart failure- heart is weak and cannot pump effectively, causing blood to back up and cause congestion in veins |
| MI | myocardial infarction- heart muscle death, usually due to prolonged myocardia ischemia, which is usually due to CAD |
| CAD | coronary artery disease- presence of plaque in coronary artery that reduces blood flow to the heart muscle |
| CABG | coronary artery bypass graft |
| BP | blood pressure- used to determine normotension, hypertension, and hypotension |
| MRA | magnetic resonance angiography- use MRI to obtain image of coronary arteries |
| PCI | percutaneous coronary intervention- procedures that are completed by threading tools into vessels and into the heart |
| AA | abdominal aortic aneurysm |
| DVT | deep vein thrombosis |
| HTN | hypertension |
Created by:
akibel6854
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