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Biology Unit 1 Cell

Biology Unit 1 Learning Statements for 2021-2022

QuestionAnswer
Prokaryotes do not have a nucleus, smaller than 5 mm, contains circular DNA
Eukaryotes have a nucleus, larger than 10 mm, contains linear DNA
Nucleus DNA surrounded by membrane (nuclear membrane)
Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes both have DNA, cell membrane, cytoplasm,and ribosomes
Prokaryotes lack membrane bound organelles
Virus simple nonliving particle with nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) surrounded by a protein coat which requires a host to reproduce
Lytic Viral Infection Quick sickness - symptoms occur with hours or days of being infected ; infections are acute Examples: common cold, H1N1 flu, SARS,
Lysogenic Viral Infection Delayed Sickness - no symptoms for weeks, months, or years ; infections linger in the body for a long time before symptoms appear Example: HIV, cold sores
Virus - Shape the shape of projections of the viral protein coat match receptor sites on the cell membrane ; tricks the cell into letting the virus in the cell
Viral Epidemics Influenced by human travel, weakened immune systems, availability to medical care, and the nutritional content of food
Viruses 1. destroy cells after using the cell to replicate more viruses 2. require a host cell to reproduce 3. lack membrane bound organelles, 4. do not eat or need nutrition, 5. use protein structures on outside envelope to attach and invade cells
Biomolecules (a.k.a. macromolecules) Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, and Nucleic Acids - provide necessary materials for living organisms
Biomolecules - Elements CHONP - Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus
Carbohydrates sugars that provide quick energy; Examples: simple - glucose complex - starch , cellulose
Lipids (aka Fats) contain the most energy (calories) compared to carbohydrates or protein
Proteins made by ribosomes which join amino acids together Ex: antibodies which attack harmful bacteria and viruses
Nucleic Acids - Types DNA (dexoxyribonucleic acids) RNA (ribonucleic acid)
Nucleotide the smallest unit of a nucleic acid contains 1. Nitrogen Base 2. Sugar 3. Phosphate Group
DNA Nucleotide Sugar (deoxyribose) and Phosphates are the same for all four different nucleotides ; the nitrogen base is different for each: adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine
RNA Nucleotide Sugar (ribose) and Phosphates are the same for all four different nucleotides ; the nitrogen base is different for each : adenine, cytosine, guanine, and uracil
DNA and RNA Similarities 1. made up of nucleotides 2. both have phosphate groups 3. both have sugars 4. both have bases of adenine, cytosine, and guanine
DNA and RNA Differences 1. RNA has ribose sugar while DNA has deoxyribose sugar 2. RNA has one strand while DNA has two strands 3. RNA has nitrogen bases AUCG while DNA has ATCG
DNA and RNA Same nitrogen bases - Adenine, Cytosine, and Guanine Different nitrogen bases - DNA, thymine ; RNA, uracil
Carbohydrate Elements CHO - Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen
Lipid Elements CHO - Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen
Protein Elements CHON - Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen
Nucleic Acid Elements CHONP - Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus
Levels of Organization Atoms, Biomolecules, Organelles, Cells, Tissue, Organ, Organ System, Organism, Population, Community, Ecosystem. Biosphere
Population consists of one type of living thing Example: duck
Community consists of 2 or more types of living things in the same area Example: duck and turtle
Ecosystem consists of 2 or more types of living things in the same area with non-living material (biotic and abiotic) Example: duck and turtle swimming in a pond
Levels of Organization - Example Cell:red blood cell, Tissue:cardiac muscle, Organ:heart, Organ System: Circulatory , Organisms: Human
Levels of Organization - Example Cell:epithelial cell, Tissue:nephron (kidney tissue), Organ:kidney, Organ System: Excretory System, Organisms: Human
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