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AP US semester 1
flashcards from first semester of 11th grade APUSH
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Reciprocity | Restraint and deference; owner should be kind and not flash their wealth, in return slaves should have respect. |
| Bourgeoisie | townspeople |
| Protestant Reformation (1400s-1600s) | Catholic church is challenged by Luther who believes in justification by faith. |
| Separatists | Separatists: want to purify of popish ways; anti-catholic; have nothing to do with it, they think it is so far out. They undergo persecution and go to the Netherlands, but their children become too Dutch so they go to the New World. |
| Non-Separatists | Non-Separatists: Okay with the idea of a Catholic church, but they want to purify it and make own colony. |
| Juan Ponce de Leon | Went to FL for gold and slaves, ended in death by Native Americans |
| Cabeza de Vaca | Inspired attempts of of Spanish conquest |
| St. Augustine | 1565 Spain's first successful European settlement before 1600. |
| Battle at Lake Champlain | End of casual Indian-European encounters in New England and beginning of a deadly era of trade, diplomacy, and warfare. |
| Jamestown | First English settlement in the New World in 1607 by John Smith. Tobacco became the first crop and the first slaves arrive in 1619. |
| Indentured servants | Legal arrangement when an individual owed compulsory service (in some cases only 3 years, in others up to 10) for free passage to the American colonies. Many of the early settlers in the Virginia colony came as indentured servants. |
| Mayflower Compact (1620) | Promise that their settlement would have a government answerable to the will of the governed. |
| John Winthrop | Massachusetts Bay- "City on a Hill" |
| Mercantilism | Duty of the government to strictly regulate a state's economy. |
| Navigation Acts | Certain products from the colonies, such as sugar, tobacco, and indigo, could only be shipped to England, in effort to help British merchants. (Everything must pass through England to get to Europe from the US. |
| The Dominion of New England | Sir Edmund Andros governed the colonies of Mess., Conn., RI, NY, Plymouth, and NH, as a single entity without an elective assembly; Andros was finally overthrown by militiamen in Boston in April 1689 (after Glorious Revolution) |
| Stono Rebellion | 1739 slave rebellion in SC where over 75 slaves killed white citizens and marched through the countryside with captured guns. Discipline imposed by many slave owners became much harsher. This was the largest slave rebellion of the 1700s in the colonies. |
| Glorious Revolution effect | The Dominion of New England disbanded. |
| Salem Witch Trials | 120 men, women, and children arrested for witchcraft in Salem. The accused were often members of the farming class, while the accusers were all part of the newer "secular" class. |
| Salutary Neglect | As long as American colonies stayed loyal politically and continued trade with Great Britain, the British gov't would relax enforcement of various measures restricting colonial activity that were enacted in the 1600s. |
| Molasses act | High duties on imported molasses to reduce trade between the colonies and the French. Colonists continued to smuggle French molasses in the Americas in spite of British efforts to prevent this. |
| The Great Awakening | Sparked more religious devotion, and questioning of religious authority became acceptable. |
| Albany Plan | Provide a base for American unity, came up with policies concerning military defense and Indian affairs. Led to Seven Years' War. |
| French and Indian War (Seven Years War) | British and French fought to expand their empire in the Americas. War eventually spread to Europe and elsewhere. English were victorious and received all of French Canada. |
| Treaty of Paris, 1763 | Officially ended the Seven Years' War. France gave up all land and claims east of the Miss., except for New Orleans to Britain. End of French influence and no longer a threat to British. |
| Writs of Assistance | Customs may enter any ships or buildings where smuggles goods were hidden. Threatened respect of privacy in homes, opposed by merchants. |
| Sugar Act | Objective was to raise revenue for Britain's war debt and to regulate trade. Introduced complicated documents that had certain requirements for shipment in the Americas. |
| Stamp Act | 1765, objective: pay off Britain's debt from the French and Indian War. Use of special watermarked paper. Led to formation of Sons of Liberty and the Loyal Nine (peaceful and civilized) |
| Boston Massacre | Triggers the beginning of the revolution. Colonist uprising due to tensions against the British. |
| Townshend Duties | Anything imported into the colonies from England was taxed, glass, paint, lead, paper, and tea |
| Tea Act | Eliminated all remaining import duties on tea entering England. Tea would be cheaper to purchase for the colonists. Led to the Boston Tea Party and continued to show Americans how much influence they had over the actions of Parliament. |
| Committee of Correspondence | Designed to share information on British activities along with protests and demonstrations. |
| Intolerable Acts | Punished Mass. colony for the Boston Tea Party. Includes the closing of the Boston harbor, prohibiting local meetings, and mandatory quartering of troops in the homes of Mass. residents. |
| Articles of Confederation | 1781, this document established the first official government of the US; allowed much power to remain in the states, with the federal government possessing only limited powers. Articles replaced by the Constitution in 1788. |
| Land Ordinance, 1785 | Raise money through the sale of land in the territory acquired from Britain at the end of the Revolutionary war. |
| Northwest Ordinance | US would expand across NA with new states. The new region was free of slavery and created a boundary between free and slave territory. |
| Shay's rebellion | protest against debts and taxes; convinced Americans that a stronger central government was needed in order to protect citizen's rights. |
| Connecticut Compromise | Equal vote for each state in the Upper House, proportional representation in the lower house, the house with the right to tax and elected by the people. Purpose was to resolve the issues between the big states and smaller ones. |
| Federalists | Supporters of the Constitution; strong central government |
| William Bradford | A Pilgrim, the second governor of the Plymouth colony, 1621-1657. He developed private land ownership and helped colonists get out of debt. He helped the colony survive droughts, crop failures, and Indian attacks. |
| Half-way Covenant | applied to those members of the Puritan colonies who were the children of church members, but who hadn’t achieved grace themselves. The covenant allowed them to participate in some church affairs. |
| Headright System | parcels of land consisting of about 50 acres which were given to colonists who brought indentured servants into America. They were used by the Virginia Company to attract more colonists. |
| Hamilton | Secretary of treasury, a leading federalist;he supported industry and strong central government. He created the National Bank and managed to pay off the U.S.’s early debts through tariffs and the excise tax on whiskey. |
| Jefferson | A leading democrat-republican;he opposed Hamilton’s ideas. Washington tended to side with Hamilton, so Jefferson resigned. |
| Hamilton’s Program: ideas, proposals, reasons for it | Designed to pay off the US’s war debts and stabilize economy, he believed the United States should become a leading international commercial power. National Bank, increased tariffs, and an excise tax on whiskey. Also, fed. gov't should assume war debts. |
| Washington’s Farewell Address | He warned against the dangers of political parties and foreign alliances. |
| Alien and Sedition Acts (Adams 1798) 1)Naturalization 2)Alien Act 3)Alien-enemy Act 4)Sedition Act | 1 Increased waiting period for an immigrant to become citizen 5-14 yrs. 2 Empowered pres. to arrest/deport dangerous aliens. 3 Allowed arrest/deportation of citizens of countries at war w/ US. 4 Illegal to publish defamatory statements about government. |
| French Revolution | The 2nd great democratic revolution taking place in the 1790s, after the American Revolution had been a success. The US did not aid either side. French overthrew king and his gov't, then instituted series of unsuccessful democratic gov't.s until Napoleon. |
| Jay’s Treaty 1794 | Signed in the hopes of settling growing conflicts between U.S. and Britain. Dealt w/ the NW posts and trade on Miss. River. Unpopular w/ most Americans b/c it didn't punish Britain for attacks on neutral American ships. |
| Pickney's Treaty 1795 | Treaty b/w the U.S. and Spain which gave U.S. the right to transport goods on the Mississippi river and to store goods in the Spanish port of New Orleans. |
| Supreme Court: Chisholm v. Georgia | The heirs of Alexander Chisholm (a citizen of South Carolina) sued the state of Georgia. The Supreme Court upheld the right of citizens of one state to sue another state, and decided against Georgia. |
| WAR of 1812 | A war between the U.S. and Great Britain caused by American outrage over the impressment of American sailors by the British, the British seizure of American ships, and British aid to the Indians attacking the Americans on the western frontier |
| Clay's American System | Proposed after the War of 1812, it included using federal money for internal improvements (roads, bridges, industrial improvements, etc.), enacting a protective tariff to foster the growth of American industries, and strengthening the national bank. |
| President Jefferson | He believed in a less aristocratic presidency. He wanted to reduce federal spending and government interference in everyday life. He was a Democratic-Republican (originally an Anti- Federalist), so he believed in strict interpretation of the Constitution. |
| Treaty of Ghent | December 24, 1814 - Ended the War of 1812 and restored the status quo. For the most part, territory captured in the war was returned to the original owner. It also set up a commission to determine the disputed Canada/U.S. border. |
| Whigs | Conservatives and popular with pro-Bank people/plantation owners. Among the Whigs were Clay, Webster, and Calhoun. Supportive of industry, protective tariffs, and Clay's American System. Generally upper class. |
| Supreme Court: Marbury v. Madison | This case established the Supreme Court's right to judicial review. Chief Justice John Marshall presided. |
| Manifest Destiny | Expresses the inevitableness of continued expansion of the U.S. to the Pacific. |
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