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Unit 4 Cell Cycle LS

Unit 4 Cell Cycle Learning Statements

TermDefinition
Cell Cycle purpose or the end result is to create two identical cells, aka cell division; composed of three main parts; interphase, mitosis, cytokinesis
Mitosis divided into Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase
Prophase phase of mitosis when nuclear membrane disappears and the DNA coils up tightly from chromatin to form chromosomes
Metaphase phase of mitosis when chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell along the equator with spindle fibers attached
Anaphase phase of mitosis when spindle fibers from centrioles begin to split chromosomes to opposite sides of the cell
Telophase phase of mitosis when chromosomes have moves to opposite sides of the cell and the nuclear membranes begin to develop; animal cells form a cleavage furrow while plant cells form a cell plate
Cell Cycle Checkpoints checks for damaged DNA to ensure two healthy daughter cells at the end; found between G1, G2, and between metaphase and anaphase
Interphase part of the cell cycle; divided into G1, S, and G2
G1 Phase portion of interphase when all organelles and cytoplasm, except the nucleus, replicates
S Phase portion of interphase which replicates DNA; synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid to create two identical copies
G2 Phase portion of interphase where the replication of DNA is checked for mistakes
Cytokinesis part of the cell cycle where the cytoplasm and organelles divide into the newly created daughter cells
Cancer unregulated cell division which causes cells to divide too quickly and produces tumors; repeats the cell cycle continuously
Cancer Fighting Drugs attempt to prevent cell divisions of damaged cells
DNA Nucleotide Sequence order of the nitrogen bases which determines the differences in the traits of organisms
DNA Nucleotide Sequence determines the order of amino acids which creates proteins
DNA Base Pairing adenine = thymine ; cytosine=guanine
Deoxyribonucleic Acid carries the instructions for making proteins in the sequence of the nucleotides ; double helix or twisted ladder shape
Proteins made up of amino acids; necessary for the growth and function of organisms
Nucleic Acids RNA and DNA; made up of CHONP - Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus
Nucleic Acids made up of nucleotides
Nucleotide small piece of a nucleic acid; made up of a sugar, phosphate, and nitrogen base; only difference among the nucleotides is the nitrogen base
DNA Replication 1. requires separation between the nitrogen bases of the double-stranded nucleic acid by breaking hydrogen bonds 2. free nucleotides match base pairs to open up double helix ; A=T, C=G 3. creates two DNA molecules with one side being the original strand and one strand being the new strand aka semi-conservative replication
DNA stores information in the form of a code that is necessary for life
Enzymes type of protein used to speed up the rate of chemical reactions in the body
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