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A&P Ch 23&24
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Long bones | found in arms and legs |
Flat bones | found in the skull and ribs |
Spongy bones | are lined with red bone marrow |
Irregular bones | are the vertabrae of the spine |
Sesamoid bone | is the patella. |
Calcium | is the main nutrient needed for bone growth |
Ligaments | tough, cord like structures that hold bones together |
Crest | a narrow ridge like projection on a bone |
Foramen | an opening through a bone that provides a passageway for blood vessels, nerves, and ligaments |
Articular cartilage | cover the epiphyses of long bones |
Head | an enlargement at the end of a bone |
Process | a prominent projection on a bone |
Fontanels | allows the skull to be somewhat mold able during during |
Frontal bone | forehead |
Pariental bone | most of the top and the sides |
Temporal bone | lower sides of the skull, contains the external auditory meatus |
Occipital bone | base of the skull containing the large hole known as the foramen magnum |
Zygomatic bone | forms the cheekbones |
Floating ribs | 11-12 |
False ribs | 8-9-10 |
True ribs | first 7 pairs |
Clavicle | joins the sternum and the scapula |
Ulna | joins the radius and some wrist bones to form the forearm |
Carpals | wrist bones |
Phalanges | fingers and toes |
Metatarsals | forms the front of the foot |
Arthritis | joint inflammation |
Osteoporosis | bones gradually thin |
Gout | uric acid deposits in the joints causing pain and swelling |
Scoliosis | a lateral, S-shaped curvature of the spine |
Production of Creatine Phosphate | a rapid way for muscle to produce energy |
Skeletal muscle | produces body movements |
Cardiac muscle | self-exciting |
Cardiac muscle | produces atrial and ventricular contractions to pump blood |
Smooth muscle | causes peristalsis |
Visceral smooth muscle | lines hollow organs such as the stomach, intestines, bladder, uterus |
Peristalsis | moves substances through a hollow organs |
Fascia | separates muscles from each other |
Tendon | connects muscles to bones |
Origin | the attachment site for a less moveable bone when a muscle contracts |
Insertion | the attachment site for a more moveable bone when a muscle contracts |
Agonist | responsible for most of the movement |
Scapula | the origin site for the biceps |
Radius | the insertion site for the biceps |
Gluteus medius | moves the thigh |
Temporalis | closes the jaw |
Biceps Brachii | moves the forearm |
Trapezius | moves the shoulder |
External Oblique | moves the abs |
As aging occurs, | muscles contractions become slower |
When you turn your head, | the atlas pivots on the axis |
Botulism | a rare but serious disorder caused by bacteria from the soil and water affecting the GI tract |
Fibromyalgia | a fairly common condition for mostly women aged 20-50, causing chronic pain in joints, muscles, and tendons |
Tetanus | also known as lockjaw, a bacterial infection causing painful muscle spasms |
Early signs of Tetanus | muscle spasms in the jaw and neck |
Tetanus shot | a person must have an open wound usually by a puncture from a contaminated object |
Tendonitis | usually occurs after a sports related activity resulting in injury to the muscle injury |