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EKG

cardiac monitoring tests

TermDefinition
electrocardiograph the machine that records the electrocardiogram
multichannel EKG machine a recorder that monitors all 12 leads at once; it can record three, four, or six leads at a time and print the recording on a single sheet of paper.
three-channel EKG typically found in ambulatory care and records three leads at once.
single-channel EKG records one lead at a time and produces a running strip.
amplitude also known as gain. is the degree of change; in an EKG tracing, it is represented by the vertical axis.
bipolar recording of electrical current involving both a positive and negative pole.
unipolar recording from one location or one pole
augmented a unipolar recording that requires assisting in magnifying the tracing by drawing from other poles
precordial located on the chest front of the heart.
Leads I, II, and III are bipolar and record impulses that travel from a negative to a positive pole at specific position in the hear.
Lead I records impulses between the left and right arms
lead II records impulses between the right arm and left leg.
lead III records impulses between the left arm and left leg.
Leads AVL, AVR, and AVF are unipolar, but due to pool illustration of the waveforms must be augmented and therefore get assistance from two poles to enhance the tracing.
AVL the left leg and right arm assist with the left arm tracing
AVR the left arm and left leg assist with the right arm tracing
AVF the right and left arms assist with the left leg tracing
universal lead wire colors white, black, red, green
precordial lead wires red, yellow, green, blue, orange, purple
right arm white
left arm black
left leg red
right leg green
V1 color red
V2 color yellow
V3 color green
V4 color blue
V5 color orange
V6 color purple
V1 position right side of the sternum at the fourth intercostal space
V2 position left side of the sternum, directly across from V1 at the fourth intercostal space
V4 left side of the chest, fifth intercostal pace, midclavicular line
V3 left side of the chest, midway between V2 and V4 ( V4 is placed before V3 because of this)
V5 left side of the chest, fifth intercostal space, anterior axillary line
V6 left side of the chest, fifth intercostal space, midaxillary line
ambulatory monitoring often referred to as holter monitoring; an EKG conducted over a period of time while the patient resumes normal activities
stress testing greatest risk is cardiac arrest. patients are typically attached to heart monitoring equipment and then exercise on a treadmill or stationary bike to see how the heart handles the stress.
holter monitoring instructions patients are instructed to assume t heir normal activities and keep a diary of them. they should press the event monitor if they experience any cardiac symptoms. avoid showers until electrodes are removed.
arrhythmias also known as dysrhythmia; a change from a normal EKG rhythm
sinoatrial node (SA) the natural pacemaker of the heart located in the upper right atrium
sinus bradycardia a normal EKG tracing of the heart rate less that 60/min
sinus tachycardia reflects a heart rate greater than 100/min.
sinus dysrhythmia a slight irregularity in the rhythm and is associated with normal breathing patterns
sinus arrest a break in the normal EKG. in this condition, the SA node failed to fire; it is not significant unless the rest lasts longer than 6 seconds.
atrial flutter the atria are contracting at a rapid rate much faster than the ventricles are contracting.
atrial fibrillation there is no organized contraction of the atria. they are in a quivering state where blood clot formation due to stagnation of the blood in the ventricles is possible.
ventricular fibrillation needs immediate intervention. the ventricles are not contracting but quivering and there are no discernable waves noted throughout the tracing. if the heart stops, the patient has no rhythm notes and the EKG will demonstrate asystole
Created by: elshalance
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