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Block3 Up GI Anatomy
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Ansa cervicalis emerges from which somatic nerve plexus? | Cervical plexus |
| Which spinal nerves (ventral rami) from the ansa cervicalis? | C1-3 |
| C1 spinal nerve hitchhikes with which CN? | Hypoglossal (CNXII) |
| C1 divides into two parts. What do the two parts innervate? | One part continues w/CNXII toward anterior neck and innervates thyrohyoid muscle and geniohyoid. Other part forms superior root of ansa cervicalis. |
| What spinal nerves form the inferior root of ansa cervicalis? | C2-3 |
| What does ansa cervicalis innervate? | Infrahyoid muscles (except thryohyoid muscle - innervated by C1) |
| If the suprahyoid muscles are contracting with the infrahyoid muscles, what happens? | the hyoid bone is held in place and becomes a firm base for movements of the tongue |
| 4 pairs of mastication muscles that produce movements at the TMJ | Masseter, temporalis, medial and lateral pterygoid muscles |
| All mastication muscles are innervated by | Mandibular nerve (CN V3) |
| Masseter muscle action | Close Jaw |
| Temporalis muscle action | Close and retract jaw |
| Medial pterygoid muscle (just under Masseter) | Close jaw, side to side movement |
| Lateral pterygoid muscle (just under Masseter) | Open and protract jaw, side to side movement |
| Tongue is divided in half by | Medium fibrous septum extending entire length of tongue and attaches to hyoid bone |
| Intrinsic and extrinsic tongue muscles are innervated by | the hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) |
| Extrinsic tongue muscle that protrudes the tongue (sticks it out) | Genioglossus muscle |
| Extrinsic tongue muscle that depresses and retracts tongue | Hyoglossus muscle |
| Extrinsic tongue muscle that elevates and retracts tongue | Styloglossus muscle |
| Dorsum surface of anterior tongue | TOP |
| Ventral surface of anterior tongue | SUBLINGUAL |
| Posterior (root) of tongue is located? | In oropharynx, attached to hyoid bone |
| Dorsum of the tongue: | Apex (at end), terminal sulcus (at back with:) foramen cecum |
| Ventral surface of the tongue: | Lingual frenulum (secures tongue to floor), sublingual folds (btw floor and tongue covers sublingual glands), sublingual papillae (openings for sbmandibular gland ducts), lingual vein (absorption) |
| Hard palate openings: | Greater palatine foramen, lesser palatine foramen, and incisive foramen |
| The duct of which salivary gland penetrates the cheek? | Parotid salivary gland |
| What 2 muscles form the floor of the oral cavity? | Mylohyoid and geniohyoid muscles |
| What two salivary glands are on the floor of the oral cavity? | Submandibular and sublingual salivary glands |
| All soft palate muscles are innervated by the pharyngeal branch of the _____ nerve, except the ___________ muscle that is innervated by ______ nerve. | VAGUS, TENSOR PALATINI, MANDIBULAR (CN V3) |
| The tensor palatini muscle does? | Tenses the palate |
| Levator palatini does? | Elevate palate |
| Which soft palate muscle forms the palatine aponeurosis? | Tensor palatini |
| Musculus uvulae muscles do? | Seal pharyngeal isthmus closed |
| Musculus uvulae muscles are innervated by? | Pharyngeal plexus (pharyngeal branch of the vagus nerve) |
| Palatoglossus muscle does? | Depresses palate, elevates posterior tongue, narrows fauces |
| Palatoglossus muscle is innervated by? | Pharyngeal plexus (pharyngeal branch of the vagus nerve) |
| Palatopharyngeus muscle does? | Depresses palate, narrows fauces |
| Palatopharyngeus muscle is innervated by? | Pharyngeal plexus (pharyngeal branch of the vagus nerve) |
| Which soft palate muscle forms the bulk of the soft palate? | Levator palatini |
| The three constrictor muscles of the pharynx (superior, middle, inferior) meets posteriorly forming a | Raphe junction |
| The superior, middle, and inferior muscles of the pharynx attach to: | 1.mandible and base of skull, 2.hyoid bone, 3.thyroid and cricoid cartilages (respectively) |
| The three constrictor muscles act to | constrict the pharynx to propel a bolus of food toward the esophagus |
| The three constrictor muscles of the pharynx are innervated by | Pharyngeal plexus (pharyngeal branch of the vagus nerve) |
| The three longitudinal muscles of the pharynx are | Salpingopharyngeus, Palatopharyngeus, Stylopharyngeus |
| The three longitudinal muscles of the pharynx act to | Elevate the pharynx during swallowing |
| The three longitudinal muscles of the pharynx is innervated by | Pharyngeal plexus (except the stylopharyngeus muscles which is innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerve CN IX) |
| Palatoglossal fold of the lateral wall of the oropharynx | contains palatoglossus muscle of the soft palate |
| Palatopharyngeal fold of the lateral wall of the oropharynx | contains the palatopharyngeus muscle of the soft palate. |
| The palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal folds on each side form the | fauces (pillars) which has the palatine tonsil inside |
| Within the palatine tonsillar bed, the glossopharyngeal nerve passes through the pharyngeal space #2 to | Branch into tonsilar branch (somatic sensory to fauces and palatine tonsillar bed) and lingual branch that penetrates the posteror tongue |
| Where is the lingual tonsil? | Posterior 1/3 of the tongue (no taste buds here) |
| Innervation to posterior 1/3 of tongue? | Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) |
| Vallate papillae are? | on boundary btw anterior and posterior tongue and are covered w/numerous taste buds |
| Special sensory innervation to taste buds are from: | Glossopharyngeal nerve, lingual branch |
| Posterior tongue is anchored to the anterior surface of the epiglottis by | Median glossoepiglottic fold, and lateral glossoepiglottic folds |
| Vallecula | Depression formed in the mucosa btw median and lateral glossoepiglottic fold |
| Food bolus is divided in two by: | median glossoepiglottic fold then rolls thru each respective vallecula |
| Visceral sensory fibers from _________ are located w/in the valleculae and inform the brain that liquid or food is nearing the lower airway. | internal laryngeal nerve (superior laryngeal nerve of the vagus) |
| Piriform recesses | Depression on each anterior side of hypopharynx along the posterior aspect of the larynx |
| Upper piriform recess innervation and blood supply | Internal laryngeal nerve (visceral sensory and parasympathetic), superior laryngeal artery |
| Lower piriform recess innervation and blood supply | Recurrent laryngeal nerve(visceral sensory and parasympathetic), inferior laryngeal artery |
| Esophagus begins and constricts at: | C6 opposite the cricoid cartilage |
| Esophagus transverses the diaphram through the esophageal hiatus at: | T10 vertebral level at the gastroesophageal jn (second constriction point) |
| Pretracheal fascia surrounds: | Thyroid gland, trachea, and esophagus |
| Pretracheal fascia on posterior surface of the pharynx and esophagus is called: | buccopharyngeal fascia (extends all the way down along the esophagus to the diaphram) |
| Space btw prevertebral fascia and buccopharyngeal fascia: | Retropharyngeal space (infections from head can escape into this space and travel to the diaphragm) |
| Describe the structures passing through space #1 btw the constrictor muscles in the pharyngeal wall | Covered w/pharyngeal fascia so no structures pass through |
| Describe the structures passing through space #2 btw the constrictor muscles in the pharyngeal wall | Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) and pharyngeal vessels (branches of the external carotid artery) |
| Describe the structures passing through space #3 btw the constrictor muscles in the pharyngeal wall | Internal laryngeal nerve (branch of vagus) and superior laryngeal vessels (branches of the superior thyroid artery) |
| Describe the structures passing through space #4 btw the constrictor muscles in the pharyngeal wall | Recurrent laryngeal nerve (branch of vagus) and inferior laryngeal vessels (branches of inferior thyroid artery of subclavian artery) |
Created by:
THerzogA
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