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Psychology Exam Rev.
Exam Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Psychology is... | The study of the Human mind and behavior. |
| The difference between a psychologist and a psychiatrist is... | A psychiatrist can prescribe medicine and psychologists cannot. |
| In an experiement, the difference between a dependent and an independent variable is... | A dependent variable is the factor that is measured that may or may not change when the independent variable is changed. An independent variable is the factor that the researcher deliberately controls or manipulates to test its effect on another factor. |
| The difference between experimental and control groups are... | Experimental groups of participants to which an independent variable is applied. The control groups are the participants are treated the same way as the experimental group except that the experimental treatment (independent variable) is not applied. |
| A longitudinal study is... | a research method in which data is collected about a group of participants over a number of years to assess how certain characteristics change or remain the same during development. |
| A Cross sectional study is... | Is a research method in which data is collected from groups of participants of different ages & compared so that conclusions can be drawn about differences due to age. |
| A single-blind experiement and it's rationale is... | An experiment in which the participants are unaware of which participants received the treatment. The rationale is the patients are "blind" in the sense that they don't know whether they have received the tranquilizer or the placebo. |
| A double-blind experiment and it's rationale is... | An experiment where the neither the participants or the experimenter know which participants received which treatment. |
| The rationale behind the double-blind experiement is... | Thatthe researcher's not biased & eliminates the possibility that the researcher will unconsciously find what she expects to find about the effects of the drug. |
| What happens as a result of the placebo effect? | Either it makes the person taking it believe they're getting better or it just won't have any kind of effect at all. |
| The difference between aptitude and achievement tests are... | Aptitude tests estimate the probability that a person will be successful in learning a specific new skill. Achievement tests measure how much a person has learned in a given subject or area. |
| The way you compute IQ according to the Standford-Binet Intellegence Scale is... | IQ= Mental age/Chronological age X 100. |
| The reason why IQ tests are controversial is because... | Everyone including Scientists measure intelligence by their own standards. |
| The kind of test the Rorschach inblot test is a... | Personality Test. |
| The DSM-IV is... | The 4th version of the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic & Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. |
| In psychoanalytic theory, that part of the unconscious personality that contains our needs, drives, & instincts, as well as repressed material is called... | Id. |
| The part of the personality that is in touch with reality & strives to meet the demands of the id & the superego in socially acceptable ways is called... | Ego. |
| The part of the personality that is the source of the conscience & counteracts the socially undesirable impulses of the id is called... | Superego. |
| The unconsciously transference of one's own undesirable attitudes, feelings, or thoughts to others is called... | Projection. |
| A defense mechanism that shifts the desires, feelings, or impulses from their proper object to substitute is called... | Displacement. |
| A Fruedian technique used to examine the unconscious; the patient is instructed to say whatever comes to his or her mind is called... | Free association. |
| Behaviorists believe that... | as individuals differ in their learning experiences, they acquire different behaviors and, hence, different personalities. |
| This psychologist believed in the Fundamental Idea- that all humans are endowed with an unconscious in which potent sexual & aggressive drives, & defenses against them, struggle for supremacy, as it were, behind a person's back. | Sigmund Frued. |
| This psychologist believed that behavior can best be shaped through positive reinforcement and was a strict behaviorist. | B.F. Skinner. |
| This psychologist made up Social learning theory which emphasizes interaction. | Albert Bandura. |
| This psychologist believed that humans are endowed with a "collective unconscious" from which myths, fairy tales & other archetypes spring. | Carl Jung. |
| These kind of people are realistically oriented, accepting themselves, other people, & the natural world for what they are, & have a great fund of creativeness. | Self-actualized people. |
| Having to do with an organism's thinking & understanding is called the... | Cognitive Theory. |
| The method that combines various kinds of therapy or combinations of therapies is called... | Eclectism. |
| An approach developed by Carl Rogers that reflects the belief that the client & therapist are partners in therapy is called... | Client-Centered Therapy. |
| A school of psychology that emphasizes personal growth & the achievement of maximum potiental for each unique individual is the... | Humanistic Psychology. |
| _________ are outgoing people & _______ are people who like being alone & keep to themselves. | 1.) Extraverts 2.) Introverts. |
| You must choose between 2 attractive options:Do I want to go to the concert or the ball game on Saturday? | Approach-Approach. |
| You must choose between 2 disagreeable options: Should I stay up all night studying for my physics or math final? | Avoidance-Avoidance. |
| You find yourself in a situation that has both enjoyable & disagreeable consequences: Should I ask him to go to the party with me? (He might say yes or he might say no) | Approach-Avoidance. |
| You must choose between multiple options, each of which has pleasurable & disagreeable aspects: Should I stay home & wait for my girlfriend to call me or should I just go out with my friends & miss the call? | Double Approach-Avoidance. |
| These types of people are very easily angered and impatient; can do 3-4 things at once are called... | Type A personality people. |
| These types of people are relaxed and more laid back and are not as easily angered are called... | Type B personality people. |
| Ability to utilize language; ex. skill at learning, using,& understanding languages. | Linguistic/Verbal Intelligence. |
| Ability to process & compute logical problems & equations; ex. Skills at solving algebra problems. | Logical-Mathematical Intelligence. |
| Ability to comprehend shapes & images in 3 dimensions; ex. Skill at putting puzzles together or molding sculptures. | Spatial Intelligence. |
| Ability to perform & compse music; ex. Skills at performing & comprehending music. | Musical Intelligence. |
| Ability to perceive & control movement, balance, agility, & grace; ex. Sense of how one's body should act & react in a physically demanding situation. | Body-Kinesthetic Intelligence. |
| Ability to interact with & understand others & to interpret their behavior; ex. Skill at gauging others' moods & motivations. | Interpersonal Intelligence. |
| Ability to understand & sense oneself; ex. Skill at using self-esteem, self-enhancement & strength of character to solve internal problems. | Intrapersonal Intelligence. |
| Ability to identify & classify patterns & relationships in natural surroundings; ex. Skill at distinguishing differences among large number of similar objects. | Naturalist Intelligence. |
| The primary consequences of long-term exposure to stress are... | Fear, pressure, & stress. |
| Positive stress is called... | Eustress. |
| The stages of general adaption syndrome are... | Alarm stage where fight-or-flight is aroused in the body, Resistance where the person finds a way around the problem or situation, & exhaustion where the body is pushed to its limits; the breaking point; they become exhausted or disoriented. |
| When a test is _____________, the test must be administered & scored the same way every time. | Standardized. |
| When behavior is __________, it is assumed that a person or thing does not meet normal standards of civilization. Ex: Laughing when a loved one dies. | Abnormal. |
| A _________ is a very intense & irrational fear of a particular object or situation. Ex: Homophobia, arachnophobia, & claustrophobia. | Phobia. |
| _____________ are people, things, or situations that a person cannot stop thinking about. | Obsession. |
| A _______________ would be someone doing the same thing over & over again. Ex: a person washing their hands over & over again every 30 seconds. | Compulsion. |
| ___________ are false beliefs that a person maintains in the face of a contrary evidence. | Delusions. |
| ______________ are perceptions that have no direct external cause. | Hallucinations. |
| A ____________________ is a soma-to form disorder characterized by changing emotional difficulties into a loss of a specific voluntary body function. | Conversion disorder. |
| A _________________ is a disorder characterized by a disruption, split, or breakdown in a person's normal integrated & functioning memory, identity, or consciousness. | Dissociative disorder. |
| People with ____________ have a manic phase, where the individual experiences elation, extreme confusion, distractibility & racing thoughts & in the depressive phase, the person is over come by feelings of failure, sinfulness, worthlessness & despair. | Bipolar Disorder. |
| ____________ is when a person has become so used to the drug that the drugged state becomes the body's normal state. If the drug is not in the body, the person experiences extreme physical discomfort as he would if he were deprived of oxygen or water. | Drug addiction. |
| A person suffering from the ___________ type of schizophrenia can hold an unusual position for long periods of time. | Catatonic. |
| People suffering from hallucinations like ________: " I am the savior of my people" or delusions like __________: "Someone is always watching me" would probably be diagnosed with schizophrenia. | 1.) grandeur 2.) persecution |
| _____________________ are prescribed to patients that with schizophrenia. | Antipsychotic. |
| _____________________ is given to people with bipolar disorder. | Lithium Carbonate. |
| People with ____________________________ spend at least 2 weeks feeling depressed, sad, anxious, fatigued, & agitated, experiencing a reduced ability to function & interact with others. | Major depressive disorder. |
| ________________ is an extreme anxiety that manifests itself in the form of panic attack. | Panic Disorder. |
| _______________________ is where a person feels a vague worry all the time, so that they can't make decisions or keep up with friendships. | Generalized Anxiety Disorder. |
| A ________________ would be like dissociate fugue where a person suddenly & unexpectedly travels away from home or work & unable to recall the past. | Fugue state. |
| The resistance in the context of ___________________ psychoanalysis is where the child loves his mother but hates his father. | Freudian-style. |
| _________________________________ is an electrical shock that is sent through the brain to try to reduce symptoms of mental disturbance & has been proven very effective for severe depression, acute mania, & some types of schizophrenia. | Electroconclusive therapy. |
| ______________________ disorder is where people who have experienced traumatic events experience the original event in the form of dreams flashbacks. | Post-Traumatic Stress. |
| _________________________ is like when you don't speak to or hang out with your friends, disrespectful to your parents for no real reason. | Antisocial Personality. |
Created by:
Hayley01
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