Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Session 2 CM pulm11
CM- pulm -11- Occupational Disease
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| If you have increased compliance but decreased elasticity what type of lung disease do you have | obstructive lung disease. Take long to force air out of the lungs |
| What will you see in residual volume in obstructive disease | you will have an increase in residual volume |
| What do you see in FEV1 and FVC, and FEV1/FVC in obstructive lung disease | FEV1 will be decreased FVC will be decreased FEV!/FVC will be less than normal (42%) |
| What are some common obstructive lung diseases | COPD, Emphysema, Chronic bronchitis, Asthma, and Bronchiectasis |
| lung disease where you have decreased TLC, (decreased lung compliance), Increased lung elasticity and decreased residual volume | Restrictive lung disease |
| Diffuse, chronic involvement of pulmonary interstitial tissue and fibrosis | restrictive lung disease |
| What will you see in restricive airway disease in FEV!, FVC, FEV!/FVC | FEV1 will be lower FVC will be lower FEV!/FVC will he increased to about 90% |
| What are the clinical s/sx of restrictive lung disease | dyspnea tachypnea cyanosis hypoxemia chest x-ray- diffuse infiltration "ground Glass" |
| What are common restricitve lung diseases | pneumoconiosis, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, sarcoidosis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis |
| What is pneumoconiosis | occupational disease where inhalation of materials predisposes lungs to damage. |
| How does pneumoconiosis develop | inhaled particles agravate lung and cause alveolar macrophages to migrate and start to secrete mediators that injure parenchymal cells stimulates interstitial edema, and infalmmation response leading to interstitial fibrosis |
| What is disease coal worker is likely to present with | coal workers pneumoconiosis "BLACK lung disease" |
| Where are you most likely going to see the nodules associated with coal workers pneumoconiosis | in the upper lobes progresses to massive fibrosis and blackened scars |
| what is anthracosis | 1-2 mm nodules seen in coal workers pneumoconiosis which are carbon-laden macrophages. Lesions are scattered throughout the lung but especially in upper lobes |
| what is it called when a patient has coal workers pneumoconiosis and rheumatoid arthritis | Caplan's Syndrome |
| What is the tx for pneumoconiosis | relieve respiratory symptoms, manage hypoxia and cor pulmonale. Avoid respiratory tract irritants and infections Monitor carefully for TB |
| What can you order to help respiratory symtpoms of patient with pneumoconiosis | bronchodilator therapy with theophylline or aminophylline Oral or inhaled sympathomimetics, corticosteroids or cromolyn sodium aerosol |
| What is the most prevalent occupational disease world wide | pneumoconiosis |
| what is the pneumoconiosis called when it is from inhalation of crystalline silicon dioxide. | silicosis |
| is there an association with silicosis and developing lung cancer | no |
| How does silicosis typically present | presents as a slow progressing nodular fibrosing pneumoconiosis of the UPPER LUNGS |
| where is silicosis common | sandblasting, crushing stones, quartz and iron-containing ore mining |
| Pneumoconiosis from inhaling asbestos fibers | asbestosis |
| Who is most likely to develop asbestosis | people working on brake linings, cement pipes and insulation materials (especially from awhile ago) |
| what are the 2 types of asbestos | serpentine-curly felixble fibers amphiboles- straight stiff, brittle fibers that can be delivered into the lungs |
| What are the s/sx of asbestosis | dyspnea with productive cough. Generally appears >10yrs later Chest x-rays reveal irregular linear densities in both lower lobes and mid thoracic pleural plaque formation Pleural Plaques |
| What are asbestos bodies | golden brown beaded rods with a translucent center. macrophages attempt to phagocytize asbestos fibers and coat the fibers with iron protein complexes |
| if a person has exposure to asbestos and is a smoker what are they more likely to develop lung cancer or mesothelioma | bronchogenic carcinoma lung cancer |
| if a person has exposure to asbestos and is a NON-smoker what are they more likely to develop lung cancer or mesothelioma | mesothelioma |
| if your patient works in the nuclear or aerospace industry they have the highest exposure and risk of developing what type of occupational lung disease | berylliosis |
| If a person has prolonged exposure to metallic beryllium fumes what are they at risk for developing | non-caseating granulomatous lesions and hilar adenopathy similar to sarcoidosis also lung cancer |
| immune mediated, interstitial lung disease caused by exposure to inhaled antigens | hypersensitivity pneumonitis |
| why do you need to recognize hypersensitivity pneumonitis early on | you can't prevent development of serious chronic fibrosis by removing exposure to the environmental agent |
| what are the most common causes of hypersensitivity pneomonitis | inhaling spores, fungi, animal proteins, or bacterial products |
| How long after exposure does a person typically develop symptoms of hypersensitivity pneumonitis | 4-6 hours |
| What are some common hypersensitivity pneumonitis conditions | farmer's lung silo filler's disease bird fancier's disease |
| What is the hypersensitivity generally developed in textile industry | byssinosis "brown lung disease"- from exposure to endotoxins from gram negative bacteria that grow on the cotton fiber the worker inhales |
| what is the deadly hypersensitivity pneumonitis that develops after inhaling water droplets containing bacteria. Generally grows in Air Conditioners | Legionnaire's disease |
| what is the tx for legionnaire's disease | erythromycin |
| what test would you order to determine if your patient is likely suffering from obstructive or restrictive | spirometry |
| What is TV in spirometry | Tidal Volume- the amount of air that moves into and out of the lungs during quiet, relaxed breathing. In the average person this is about 500 ml. |
| What is IRV | inspiratory reserve volume- amount of air that can be inspired forcibly beyond the tidal volume normally 2100-3200ml |
| What is ERV | expiratory reserve volume- amount of air that can be forcefully evacuated from the lung after tidal expiration. normally 1000-1200 |
| What is RV | residual volume- help keeps lungs from collapsing. amount of air left after forced exhalation. normally 1200ml |
| What is TLC | Total lung capacity- sum of all lung volumes usually 6000ml |
| what is VC | vital capacity- total amout of exchangeable air usually 4800ml |
| what is IC | inspiratory capacity- total amount of air that can be inspired after tidal expiration usually 3600ml |
| What is FRC | functional residual capacity- volume of air that remains trapped in the lungs after a normal tidal volume expiration |
| What is FEV1 | forced expiratory volume 1- volume of air forcefully exhaled in one second |
| what is FVC | forced vital capacity- volume of air that can be maximally forcefully exhaled |
| what is FEV1/FVC | ratio of air expelled in 1 second to total air expelled |
| what is PEFT | peak flow rate during expiration |
| what is the normal FEV1/FVC ratio | 80% |
| what will you see in FEV1/FVC ratio in obstructive disease | ratio will decrease to 40% because FEV1 is decreased |
| what will you see in FEV1/FVC ratio in restrictive disease | FEV1/FVC will be increased to about 90% because patient can't inspire as much. |
Created by:
smaxsmith
Popular Science sets