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Pulmonology
Ch. 4
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Respiratory | Pertaining to again and again breathe. |
| Nasal | Pertaining to the nose |
| Respiration | Process of again and again breathe. |
| Inhalation | Process of breathing in. |
| Inspiration | Process of breathing in. |
| Exhalation | Process of breathing out. |
| Expiration | Process of breathing out. |
| Upper Respiratory Infection (URI) | -bacterial or viral infection of the nose and/or throat -common cold -head cold |
| Asthma | -hyperactivity of the bronchi and bronchioles with the bronchospasm. -attacks are triggered by exposure to allergens, dust, mold, smoke, inhaled chemicals, exercise, cold air, or emotional stress. |
| Bronchospasm | sudden involuntary muscle contraction of the bronchus. |
| Bronchitis | acute or chronic inflammation or infection of the bronchus. |
| Bronchiectasis | -chronic, permanent enlargement and loss of elasticity of the bronchioles. suffix: -ectasis condition of dilation CF: Bronchi/o- bronchus MD: Condition of dilation of the bronchus. |
| Abnormal breath sounds | Rales, Rhonchi, Stridor, Wheezes |
| Rales | irregular cracking or bubbling sounds during inspiration. |
| Rhonchi | humming, whistling or snoring sounds during inspiration or expirations. |
| Stridor | high-pitched, harsh, crowing sound due to edema or obstruction in the trachea or larynx. |
| Wheezes | high-pitched whistling or squeaking sounds during inspiration or expiration. |
| Atelectasis | collapsed lung |
| Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) | combination of chronic Bronchitis and Emphysema, caused by chronic exposure to pollution or smoking. |
| Emphysema | alveoli become hyperinflated and often rupture, creating large air pockets in the lungs. Condition of the lungs being distended and inflated. |
| Cystic Fibrosis (CF) | hereditary, fatal disease caused by a recessive gene-affects all the Exocrine cells (those that secrete mucus, Digestive Enzymes, or sweat)- mucus is abnormally thick and it blocks alveoli causing Dyspnea. |
| Empyema | - localized collection of Purulent (pus) material in the Thoracic cavity from an infection in the lungs. -also known as Pyothorax* |
| Purulent | pertaining to pus |
| Influenza | -flu -acute viral infection of the upper and lower respiratory system |
| Carcinoma | tumor or mass of cancer. |
| Pneumoconiosis | general word for any occupational lung disease caused by chronically inhaling some type of dust or particle. |
| Pneumonia | infection of some or all of the lobes of the lungs caused by bacteria, virus, or fungus. |
| Aspiration Pneumonia | infection caused by foreign matter (chemical, vomit) that is inhaled into the lung. |
| Double Pneumonia | infection that involves both lungs. |
| Lobar Pneumonia | infection that affects part or all of just one lobe of the lung. |
| Panlobar Pneumonia | infection that affects all of the lobes of one lung. |
| Pulmonary Edema | condition that accompanies left-sided failure of the heart and is characterized by noninfectious fluid build-up in the alveoli & lung tissues. |
| Pulmonary Embolism | -blockage of a pulmonary artery or one of its branches by an embolus. -blood clot in the lung |
| Tuberculosis (TB) | lung infection caused by Mycobacterium Tuberculosis spread by airborne droplets and coughing. |
| Hemothorax | presence of blood in the thoracic cavity, from trauma. |
| Pleural Effusion | accumulation of fluid in the pleural space (between the two layers of pleural) due to inflammation or infection of the lungs. |
| Pleurisy | inflammation or infection of the pleura due to pneumonia. |
| Pneumothorax | -large volume of air in the pleural space -fully collapsed lung |
| Apnea | brief or prolonged absence of spontaneous respirations due to respiratory failure or respiratory arrest. |
| Bradypnea | abnormally slow rate of breathing (less than 10 breaths per min in adults). |
| Expectoration | coughing up sputum from the lungs. |
| Hemoptysis | coughing up blood-tinged sputum. |
| Dyspnea | -difficult, labored, or painful respirations due to lung disease. SOB- shortness of breath DOE- dyspnea on exertion |
| Orthopnea | the need to be propped in an upright or semi-upright position in order to breathe and sleep comfortably due to dyspnea and congestion. |
| Tachypnea | abnormally rapid rate of breathing (greater than 20 breaths per min in adults) that is caused by lung disease. |
| Anoxia | Complete lack ( or severely decreased level) of oxygen in the arterial blood and body tissues- caused by lack of oxygen in the inhaled air or by an obstruction that prevents oxygen from reaching the lungs. |
| Asphyxia | the decrease in the heart rate and blueness of the skin that occur because of an abnormally high level of CO2 and an abnormally low level of oxygen. |
| Cyanosis | blueish-grey discoloration of the skin because of a very low level of oxygen and a very high level of CO2 in the blood and tissues. |
| Anthracosis | milder type of penumoconiosis, as caused by the accumulation of carbon in the lungs due to repeated exposure to air pollutions or inhalation of smoke or coal dust particles. |
| Hypoxemia | very low level of oxygen in the arterial blood. |
| Hypoxia | very low level of oxygen in the cells. |
| Oximetry | procedure in which an oximeter is placed on the patient's index finger or earlobe to measure the degree of oxygen saturation of the blood. |
| Pulmonary Function Test (PFT) | procedure to measure the capacity of the lungs and the volume of air during inhalation and exhalation. |
| Auscultation | procedure that uses a stethoscope to listen to breath sounds. |
| Percussion | uses the finger on one hand to tap over the finger of the other hand that is spread across the patient's back over a lobe of the lung. |
| Stethoscope | instrument used to examine the chest. |
| Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) | procedure to ventilate the lungs and circulate the blood if the patient has stopped breathing and the heart has stopped beating. |
| Bronchoscopy | procedure that uses a bronchoscope inserted through the mouth and larynx to examine the trachea and bronchi. |
| Lobectomy | procedure to remove an entire lobe of the lung. |
| Pneumonectomy | procedure to remove an entire lung. |
| Thoracentesis | procedure that uses a needle and a vacuum container to remove pleural fluid from the pleural space. |
| Thoracotomy | incision into the thoracic cavity. |
| Tracheostomy | procedure that begins with an incision into the trachea to create an opening. |
| Respiratory Therapist | allied health professional who preform pulmonary function tests and administer respiratory therapy with various tubes of equipment that provide oxygen or respiratory assistance to a patient. |
| Pulmonologist | physician who practice in the medical specialty of pulmonology. They diagnose and treat patients with respiratory problems. |
| ABG CF COPD CPR RRT SOB TB URI | arterial blood gases cystic fibrosis chronic obstructive pulmonary disease cardiopulmonary resuscitation registered respiratory therapist shortness of breath tuberculosis upper respiratory infection |
Created by:
Ash_Nic
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