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Ortho: Muscular Sys
Ch.8
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Tendon | a cordlike, nonelastic, white fibrous band of connective tissue |
| Bursa | a thin sac of synovial membrane filled with synovial fluid, acts as a cushion to reduce friction where a tendon rubs against the bone near the synovial joint. |
| Atrophy | loss of muscle bulk in one or more muscles; caused by a lack of use or by malnutrition, or it can occur in any part of the body, that is paralyzed because the muscles receive no electrical impulses from the nerves---another name for muscle wasting |
| Avulsion | condition in which the muscle tears away from the tendon or the tendon tears away from the bone |
| Contracture | inactivity or paralysis coupled with continuing nerve impulses can cause an arm or leg muscle to become progressively flexed and drawn into a position where it becomes nearly immovable |
| Fibromyalgia | pain located at specific, hyperirritable trigger points in the muscles of the neck, back, or hips |
| Torticollis | also known as wryneck; painful spasm of the muscles on one side of the neck |
| Muscle spasm | painful but temporary condition with a sudden, severe, involuntary contraction of a muscle, often in the legs |
| Muscle strain | overstretching or tearing of a muscle or its tendon, often due to physical overexertion |
| Muscular dystrophy | genetic mutation of the gene that normally makes the muscle protein dystrophin, this causes the muscles to weaken and atrophy |
| Myalgia | pain in the muscle due to injury or muscle disease |
| Polymyalgia | pain in several muscle groups |
| Myasthenia gravis | autoimmune disorder with abnormal and rapid fatigue of the muscles, particularly in the muscles of the face, where there is ptosis(drooping) of the eyelids |
| Myopathy | category that includes many different diseases of the muscles |
| Myositis | inflammation of a muscle with localized swelling and tenderness, caused by injury or strain |
| Polymyositis | chronic, progressive disease that causes widespread inflammation of muscles with weakness and fatigue |
| Rhabdomyoma | benign tumor in a muscle |
| Rhabdomyosarcoma | cancerous tumor in a muscle; usually occurs in children and young adults |
| Rigor mortis | this is not a muscle disease of the living; but rather a normal condition of the muscles that occurs several hours after death |
| Ataxia | incoordination of the muscles during movement, particularly incoordination of the gait, caused by disease of the brain or spinal cord, cerebral palsy, or an adverse reaction to a drug |
| Bradykinesia | abnormally slow muscle movements or a decrease number of spontaneous muscle movements, usually associated with Parkinson's disease. |
| Dykinesia | abnormal motions that occur because of difficulty controlling the voluntary muscles, attempts at movement becomes tics, muscle spasms, muscle jerking (myoclonus), or wandering, purposeless writhing of the hand (athetoid movements) fingers flex/extend |
| Myoclonus | muscle jerking |
| Hyperkinesis | an abnormally increased amount of muscle movements, restlessness |
| Restless Leg Syndrome | uncomfortable restlessness and twitching of the muscles of the legs, along with an indescribable tingling, aching or crawling insect sensation |
| Tremor | small, involuntary, sometimes jerky, back-and-forth movements of the hands, head, jaw, or extremities |
| Bursitis | inflammation of the bursal sac because of repetitive muscle contractions or pressure on the bone underneath the bursa |
| Fasciitis | inflammation of the fascia around a muscle |
| Ganglion | semisolid or fluid-containing cyst that develops on a tendon, often in the wrist, hand, or foot; rounded lump under the skin that may or may not be painful |
| Tendonitis | inflammation of any tendon from injury or overuse |
| Tenosynovitis | inflammation and pain due to overuse of a tendon and inability of the synovium to produce enough lubricating fluid |
| Acetylcholine receptor antibody test | tests that detects antibodies that the body produces against its own receptors, used to diagnose myasthenia gravis |
| Electromyography (EMG) S: -graphy CF: electr/o- electricity CF: my/o- muscle | procedure to diagnose muscle disease MD: process of recording the electrical activity in a muscle |
| Electromyogram | record of the electrical activity in a muscle |
| Deep Tendon Reflexes (DTRs) | procedure that tests whether the muscular-nervous pathway is functioning normally |
| Fasciectomy | procedure to partially or totally remove the fascia that is causing Dupuytren contracture |
| Fasciotomy | procedure to cut the fascia and release pressure from built-up blood and tissue fluid in a patient with compartment syndrome |
| Ganglionectomy | procedure to remove a ganglion from a tendon |
| Myorrhaphy S: -rrhaphy procedure of suturing CF: my/o- muscle | procedure to suture together a torn muscle after an injury |
| Tenorrhaphy | procedure to suture together a torn tendon after an injury |
| Thymectomy | procedure to remove the thymus gland |
| Muscle relaxant drugs | these medications relieve muscle spasm and stiffness, they treat muscle injuries and muscle spasms |
| Neuromuscular blocker drugs | these medications block acetylcholine receptors to prevent muscle contractions, they are used during surgery to produce muscle relaxation |
| Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAIDs) | medications that decrease mild-moderate inflammation and pain |
| Podiatrist | they diagnose and treat medical and surgical conditions of the foot |
| Physiatrist | physicians who specialize in physical medicine and rehabilitation |
| Abbreviations | EMG: electromyogram; electromyography IM: intramuscular RICE: rest, ice, compression, and elevation ROM: range of motion RSI: repetitive strain injury |
Created by:
Ash_Nic
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