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Scientists/Inventors
Akhil made this, give him some credit.
| Accomplishment(s) | Name(s) | Nationality(ies) |
|---|---|---|
| In 1983 and 1984 they discovered the HIV virus and determined that it was the cause of AIDS. | Montagnier and Gallo (From France and US) | French and American |
| Astronomer & physician. Founder of modern astronomy. Deduced that the Earth rotates on its axis and that the planets revolve around the sun: the heliocentric theory | Nicholas, (1473-1543) | Polish |
| Invented calculus but remembered for his law of universal gravitation. In 1664 he figured out that gravity is the force that draws objects toward each other. It explained why things fall down & why the planets orbit around the Sun. | Isaac, Newton (1642-1727) | English |
| Chemist/physicist who made advances in electricity/magnetism. Invented electric motor & generator and the transformer. Deduced the principle of electromagnetic induction (Law of Electrolysis), The Faraday constant is named after him. | Michael, Faraday (1791-1867) | English |
| He not only discovered that disease came from microorganisms but he also realized that bacteria could be killed by heat and disinfectant. Developed inoculation for anthrax cholera and rabies in animals | Louis, Pasteur (1822-1895) | French |
| In 1927 he proposed the Big Bang theory of the universe. It says that all the matter in the universe was originally compressed into a tiny dot. In a fraction of a second the dot expanded & all the matter instantly filled what is now our universe. | Georges, Lemaître | Belgian |
| The two scientists found the double-helix structure of DNA. It's made up of two strands that twist around each other and have an almost endless variety of chemical patterns that create instructions for the human body to follow. | Watson and Crick | English and Chicagoian |
| The Periodic Table is based on the 1869 Periodic Law proposed by this chemist. He had noticed that when arranged by atomic weight the chemical elements lined up to form groups with similar properties. | Dmitri, Mendeleev | Russian |
| He won a 1922 Nobel Prize in Physics for his research on the structure of an atom and for his work in the development of the quantum theory. Although he help develop the atomic bomb he frequently promoted the use of atomic power for peaceful purposes. | Niels, Bohr | Danish |
| A physicist discovered X-rays in 1895. For this discovery he was awarded the first-ever Nobel Prize in Physics in 1901. | Wilhelm, Roentgen | German |
| Notable discoveries include the identification of the differences between veins and arteries and recognizing that the larynx generates voice. Famous for introducing medical experimentation | Galen | Turkish |
| Famous for discovering the cell. He had an extraordinary ability to manipulate microscopes and when applying this ability to looking closely at a thin slice of cork observed empty spaces contained with walls - terming them cells. | Robert, Hooke | English |
| Father of modern taxonomy. Came up with the system of naming ranking and classifying organisms that we still use today. He separated all living things into 3 kingdoms; animals plants and minerals. | Carl, Linnaeus | Swedish |
| Founder of modern genetics. He used peas to discover and demonstrate the laws of genetic inheritance coining the terms dominant and recessive genes in the process | Gregor, Mendel | Czech |
| Duo famous for being the first scientists to clone a mammal (Dolly the Sheep) | Campbell and Wilmut | Both English |
| Discovered that any object wholly or partially immersed in a fluid is buoyed up by a force equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object. | Archimedes | Greek |
| Husband and wife remembered for her discovery of radium and polonium and described radioactivity. Wife invented the mobile x-ray unit and receive Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1911 | Marie and Pierre, Curies | Polish |
| Invented the first successful vaccine for polio in 1954 | Jonas, Salk (1914-1995) | North Yorkian |
| Inventor of the radio. Made improvements in wireless communication allowing messages to be sent across English Channel. Worked on developing shortwave wireless communication | Guglielmo, Marconi (1874-1937) | Italian |
| Inventor of the TV | Philo, Farnsworth | Utahnian |
| Inventor of the telephone and induction balance for finding metal objects in the body. Founder the journal Science a school for the deaf the Aerial Experiment Association & President of the Nat'l Geographic Society | Alexander Graham, Bell | American, English, Scottish |
| Designer of the modern alternating current (AC) electricity supply system. Created artificial lighting and demonstrated wireless communication. Principle of rotating magnetic field. Installed electric power machinery at Niagara Falls | Nikola, Tesla (1856-1943) | Croatian |
| The first partially successful photograph of a camera image was made in approximately 1816 but this man. | Nicéphore, Niépce | French |
| Inventor of the Printing Press | Johannes, Gutenberg | German |
| Discovered Infrared Light | Wiliam, Herschel | German-British |
| Astronomer and mathematician. Determined several astronomical parameters and calculated tables of tangents cotangents advancing the study of trigonometry | Abul', Wafa (940-998) | Persian |
| Philosopher and scientist. A student of Plato he taught and wrote about logics metaphysics natural science rhetoric ethics and poetics. He tutored Alexander the Great and identified dolphins. | Aristotle (384-332 B.C.) | Greek |
| Mathematician and inventor. He perfected a calculating machine and invented the ophthalmoscope; instrument used to view interior of the eye. Credited with building 1 of the 1st programmable computers | Charles, Babbage (1792-1871) | English |
| Philosopher scientist & Franciscan monk. Made gunpowder & experimented in optics & alchemy. Wrote on logic grammar math philosophy philology. Imprisoned on heresey | Roger, Bacon (1220-1292) | English |
| Chemist and inventor. Discovered Bakelite a synthetic resin. | Leo Hendrick, Baekeland (1863-1944) | Belgian |
| In 1967 he performed the 1st successful human heart transplant. | Christiaan Neethling, Barnard (1922-2001) | South African |
| Engineer and auto manufacturer. Leader in construction of motor-driven vehicles. In 1883 he founded Benz & Co in Mannheim to produce stationary engines. Started making cars in 1893 | Carl Friedrich, Benz (1844-1929) | German |
| Chemist who patented the synthetic material nylon in 1937. | Wallace Hume, Carothers (1896-1937) | Iowan |
| Engineer inventor and auto manufacturer. Received patent for small high-speed internal combustion engine. Leader in developing the automobile. | Gottlieb Wilhelm, Daimler (1834-1900) | German |
| Naturalist best known for his theory of evolution by natural selection. Sailed on the HMS Beagle collecting flora fauna and fossil from the Galapagos Archipelago | Charles, Darwin (1809-1882) | English |
| Inventor who developed Kodak box camera in 1888 after perfecting the process for making photographic dry plates and flexible film. | George, Eastman (1854-1932) | New Yorker |
| Inventor with 1000+ inventions: electric vote recorder printing telegraph microphone phonograph incandescent electric light bulb alkaline storage battery high speed camera & kinetograph | Thomas Alva, Edison, (1847-1931)"Wizard of Menlo Park" | Ohioan (ayyyy) |
| Chemist and bacteriologist. Made great innovations in immunology and chemotherapy. Won Nobel Prize for physiology or medicine with Elie Metchnikoff in 1908 | Paul, Ehrlich (1854-1915) | German |
| Deduced the theory of relativity Brownian motion and the photoelectric effect. Made key contributions to quantum theory. Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921. Served at in Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton | Albert, Einstein (1879-1955) | German |
| Geometer. Developed the theory of plane geometry. His mathematical treatise Elements became the staple for later works in geometry until the 19th century when math started departed from that system. | Euclid (300 B.C.) | Greek |
| Bacteriologist. Accidentally discovered the 1st antibiotic penicillin in 1928 one of the most important contributions in 20th century medicine. Won Nobel Prize for physiology/medicine in 1945 | Sir Alexander, Fleming (1881-1955) | Scottish |
| Statesman inventor and philosopher. Created foundation of public libraries invented an improved heat stove experimented with electricity and kites. Signed Declaration of Independence. Abolitionists | Benjamin, Franklin (1706-1790) | Bostonian |
| Neurologist/psychologist. Theorized that repressed memories lead to unhealthy mental states. Id Ego Superego make up the mind. Described the Oedipus Complex; children are jealous of the same-sex parent and lustful for the opposite sex one. | Sigmund, Freud (1856-1939) | Austrian |
| Engineer. Built 1st affordable steamboat opening up river transportation routes to commercial steamboats. Designed 1st submarine & war steamboat. | Robert, Fulton (1765-1815) | Pennsylvanian |
| Discovered isochronism of the pendulum. Created hydrostatic balance. Illustrated that bodies of different weights fall w/the same velocity. Improved the refracting telescope. Tried by the Inquisition for supporting heliocentrism | Galileo (1564-1642) | Italian |
| Co-founder of Microsoft. By licensing Windows web browsers and productivity software to manufacturers of IBM-compatible PCs he became software maker to the world. Nearly 90% of consumers & business use his work. | Bill, Gates (1955-) | Washingtonian |
| Army officer and engineer. Chief engineer for Panama Canal who saw canal construction through to completion | George Washington, Goethals (1858-1928) | New Yorkian |
| Primate research. First to document that chimpanzees used objects as tools communicated with facial expressions body language and sound and sometimes ate meat. | Jane, Goodall (1934-) | British |
| Inventor who developed vulcanization process for treating rubber in 1839. | Charles, Goodyear (1800-1860) | Connecticutian |
| Physician. 1st to accurately describe the human circulatory system and the function of the heart. | William, Harvey (1578-1657) | English |
| Physician known as the father of medicine. Developed a code of medical ethics known as the Hippocratic Oath; which all new doctors swear to uphold the oath. | Hippocrates (460-377 BC) | Greek |
| 1st scientist to use computer analysis to study the molecular structure of vitamin B12 penicillin and insulin. Awarded Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1964. | Dorothy Crowfoot, Hodgkin (1910-1994) | Egyptian |
| Astronomer who first discovered the Milk Way galaxy is but one of billions. Studied the redshift in galaxies' light spectra he helped confirm that the universe is expanding. | Edwin, Hubble (1889-1953) | Missourian |
| 1st to use a pendulum in clocks to help regulate time. Designed new method of grinding/polishing lenses. Solved questions about centrifugal force. Designed wave theory of light that stated light moved in waves of constant vibrations | Christiaan, Huygens (1629-1695) | Dutch |
| Inventor who developed composition billiard balls water filter & purifier designed a new type of sewing machine and process for solidifyin hardwood | John Wesley, Hyatt (1837-1920) | New Yorkian |
| Neoplatonic philosopher mathematician and astronomer. Advance algebraic theory. | Hypatia of, Alexandria (370-415) | Egyptian |
| Physician. In 1796 after observing that milkmaids who had cowpox did not get smallpox he vaccinated an 8-year old boy with cowpox vesicles hence successfully testing a vaccine for smallpox | Edward, Jenner (1749-1823) | Jenner |
| Cofounder of Apple. Advanced the appeal and usefulness of computing through such innovative elegantly designed products as the Mac; which introduced the mouse and graphical user interface the iPod iPhone and 1st table iPad | Steve, Jobs (1955-2011) | Californian |
| Astronomer. Deduced ray theory of light to explain vision; founder of modern optics. Established 3 laws of planetary motion. His work contributed to the development of calculus. Newton built his theories on this man's work. | Johannes, Kepler (1571-1630) | German |
| Electrical engineer who created 1st electric cash register automotive self-starter engine and numerous automobile improvements. | Charles Franklin, Kettering (1876-1958) | Ohioan |
| Chemist and father of modern chemistry. He named oxygen and proposed law of conservation of matter (nothing is destroyed or created in a chemical reaction merely altered). Killed during the French Revolution | Antoine-Lauren, Lavoisier (1743-1794) | French |
| Physicist who produced radioactive isotopes and used radioactivity in medicine. Introduced use of neutron beams in cancer treatment. Invented the cyclotron. | Ernest, Lawrence (1901-1958) | South Dakotan |
| Archaeologist. Discovered the skeleton of a primitive ape in 1948 a skull of 1.75 million year old hominid in 1959 and a fossilized footprint of a human so old it led her to deduce that humans walked upright 3.6 mil years ago | Mary, Leakey (1913-1996) | |
| Dutch inventor. Redesigned the microscope achieving magnifications of more than 250. Discovered protozoa and was the first to publish drawings of bacteria. | Antoni van, Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723) | |
| Dutch spectacle maker credited with inventing the 1st telescope in 1608. | Hans, Lippershey (1570-1619) | |
| Alchemist. Invented the prototype of an autoclave a device used for distilling liquids; an apparatus-kerotakis-used to make alloys and a double boiler | Mary the Jewess (1st century BC) | |
| German scientist who wrote the 1st German handbook of astronomy and physics. | Konrad van, Megenberg (1309-1374) | |
| Austrian biologist. His experiments crossbreeding peas led to the develop of Mendel's law stating that characteristics in animals and plants are passed down through successive generations. | Gregor, Mendel (1822-1884) | |
| German naturalist. Her observations & paintings of insect metamorphoses were collected in her book Metamorphosis Insectorum Surinamensium; advanced biological classification | Maria, Merian (1647-1717) | |
| Italian anatomist. Wrote textbook on human anatomy that was standard text until Andreas Vesalius published his opus on human anatomy in 1543. | Mondino, d'Luzzi (1275-1326) | |
| French inventors who built 1st hot-air balloon in 1783 which stayed aloft for 10 minutes. Later built balloon that carried the 1st person in air. | Montgolfier Brothers | |
| American artist and inventor. Created Morse code and telegraph received a patent for it in 1837. | Samuel, Morse (1791-1872) | |
| American physicist who directed the Manhattan Project (1942-1945) which developed the atomic bomb. | J. Robert, Oppenheimer (1904-1967) | |
| English chemist and mathematician who at 19 was the 1st person to produce an artificial dye (it was accidental; he was trying to synthesize quinine) | Sir William Henry, Perkins (1838-1907) | |
| English chemist who discovered that plants produce oxygen and that sunlight was necessary for planet growth | Joseph, Priestley (1733-1804) | |
| Persian physician who identified differences between smallpox and measles; one of the earliest examples of a doctor being able to identify a disease. | Rhazes (854-925) | |
| English physicist who invented the calotype a photographic process faster than Louis Daguerre's daguerreotype. The calotype was the first to use a negative for making multiple prints. | William, Talbot (1800-1877) | |
| Italian physicist who pioneered electric studies. Invented the voltaic battery; the 1st electric battery. | Alessandro, Volta (1745-1827) | |
| Scottish inventor and engineer. Invented modern condensing steam engine in 1765 and double-acting engine in 1782. A single unit of energy was named after him. | James, Watt (1736-1819) | |
| German scientist who accidentally discovered X-Rays in 1895. | Wilhelm Conrad, Rontgen (1845-1923) | |
| English chemist physicist and meteorologist. He is best known for his pioneering work in the development of modern atomic theory | John, Dalton (1766-1844) | |
| Father of nuclear physics. Discovered the proton and nucleus of an atom. Famous for his gold-foil experiment. Discovered the concept of radioactive half-life. Differentiated alpha & beta radiation | Ernest, Rutherford (1871-1937) | |
| In 1932 this man proved that neutrons exist; confirming what Ernest Rutherford had predicted years before. | James, Chadwick (1891-1974) | |
| In 1897 this British physicist discovered the electron. | JJ, Thomson (1856-1940) | |
| Inventor of Dynamite | Alfred, Nobel | |
| Inventor of the Revolver | Samuel, Colt | |
| Inventor of the World Wide Web | Tim, Berners-Lee | |
| Inventor of bifocal lens | Benjamin, Franklin | |
| Inventor of Scuba Gear | Jacques, Cousteau | |
| Inventor of X-Ray Imagining | Wilhelm, Roentgen | |
| Photography pioneer invented paperback flexible film the Kodak camera | George, Eastman | |
| Inventor of the phonograph | Thomas, Edison | |
| Inventor of the telegraph | Samuel, Morse | |
| Inventor of the sewing machine | Elias, Howe | |
| Inventor of the steel plow | John, Deere | |
| Inventor of the paddlewheel steamship | Robert, Fulton | |
| Inventor of the telephone | Alexander, Graham Bell | |
| Inventor of the cotton gin | Eli, Whitney | |
| Inventor of air brakes mainly for transportation | George, Westinghouse | |
| Launcher of the first liquid-fuel rocket | Robert H., Goddard | |
| Rubber industry pioneer; discovered the Vulcanization | Charles, Goodyear | |
| Inventor of the mechanical mower-reaper | Cyrus, McCormick | |
| Inventor of arc lighting and incandescent lamp | Nicolai, Tesla | |
| Inventor of barbed wire | Joseph, Glidden | |
| Inventor of the zipper | Whitcomb B., Johnson | |
| Swiss-American zoologist and geologist famous for first proposing the ice ages | Jean Louis, Agassiz |
Created by:
Mason Academic Team
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