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5th grade Benchmark
History Benchmark Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Primary Source | Interviews with people present during an account, journals, original maps, photographs, drawings |
| Secondary Source | Textbooks, nonfiction books, historical fiction books, encyclopedias, almanacs |
| What did European explorers come to North America for? | Gold, glory, land and to spread Christianity. |
| What happened to Native Americans when the European explorers came to North America? | They received iron goods, were forced to work on missions, lost their land, caught many diseases, had to become Christians, lost their form of religion and culture. |
| What were the economic reasons for Europeans exploring North America? | New sea routes, to find the NorthWest passage, establish colonies as trading centers, finding new plants and animals for the Columbian exchange, search for gold, claim land |
| French claimed land in... | Northern part of New World and became successful fur traders. |
| Spain claimed land in... | Southern part of New World and built missions. |
| England claimed land in... | Along the east coast and built colonies. |
| Import | To bring goods into an area from somewhere else. |
| Export | To send goods out of an area to somewhere else. |
| Port cities | Are either on rivers or oceans and have larger populations because they can trade easier. |
| Why is land near water valuable? | It makes trading easier. |
| What were the reasons for European colonization? | Religious freedom, economic opportunities, jobs for money, new way of life |
| Roanoke | Started by England, called the lost colony, colony did not survive |
| Jamestown | First permanent English colony. Successful because of John Smith's belief if you do not work, you shall not eat. |
| What was Jamestown's cash crop? | Tobacco |
| What was Jamestown's first form of representative government? | House of Burgesses--only men could be elected |
| Plymouth | Pilgrim's colony in 1607, second form of representative government--Mayflower compact--men would vote and make their own laws, located in Massachusetts |
| Cash crop | Selling grown crops for money--tobacco was first crop in Virginia |
| Indentured servant | a person who would work for a certain amount of time in exchange for the travel costs to reach the colonies, when their contract was up, they were free to go |
| Slave | A person owned by another person and forced to work for no pay--have no rights or freedom |
| Apprentice | A person who is learning a skilled trade from an artisan |
| Artisan | A skilled worker who teaches an apprentice, blacksmith, miller, silversmith |
| Economy | way of making a living --a job |
| Free Enterprise System | producing, growing and exporting goods for money where people can own their own businesses and set their own prices |
| Triangular trade routes | the routes used with three stops for exporting goods from the colonies to Europe, Africa, and the West Indies |
| Benjamin Franklin | created the fire and police departments, first public library, newspaper, hospital |
| Peter Zenger | Newspaper printer who was the first to criticize the government in an article, the court found him not guilty of treason because he printed the truth and this lead to freedom of the press |
| New England Colonies | thin, rocky soil, short growing season, vast forests, cold harsh winters, short summers |
| New England Colonies Economy | Lumbering shipbuilding, small farms, fishing, whaling |
| Where did most people in New England Colonies live? | In cities |
| Why were New England colonies started? | Religious freedom |
| Who started Massachusetts? | Pilgrims and Puritans |
| Who colonized Rhode Island | Roger Williams and Anne Hutchison |
| Middle Colonies | Cold winters, long summers, better soil, longer growing season |
| What were the Middle Colony economy? | farming, wheat, raising cattle, mining--iron and coal, markets for trading centers, crafts by artisans |
| Why were Middle Colonies started? | Religious freedom |
| Who started Pennsylvania? | William Penn for Quakers |
| Southern Colonies | Rich soil, longest growing season, short winters and long hot summers |
| What was the economy of the Souther colonies? | Tobacco, rice, indigo for cash crops, plantations--large farms with work done by slaves |
| Why were Southern colonies started? | Most were started because land grants were given by the King |
| Proclamation of 1763 | colonist could not pass Appalachian mountains and settle in the Ohio river valley` |
| Stamp Act | Pay for stamp on any printed material--Sons of Liberty first group to protest about this act--used the phrase no taxation without representation |
| Townshend Acts | Tariff on tea, paper, wool, glass, lead--Daughters of Liberty made goods needed in the colonies |
| Boston Massacre | colonists threw ice and snow at British soldiers and five colonists were shot by panicked British soldiers |
| Boston Tea Party | Tea Act made colonist buy tea from one company so colonist dressed as Mohawks and dumped a shipload of tea into the water |
| Intolerable Acts | harsh new laws from the King that colonists could not tolerate--Boston port was closed, colonist were to house and feed the British soldiers |
| First Continental Congress | First time where each colony sent one representative to a meeting in Philadelphia to discuss the problems with Britain |
| Loyalists | Colonist loyal to Britain's law and did not want independence--Thomas Hutchison |
| Patriots | Colonist who did not want to obey Britain's law and wanted independence--Ben Franklin, Samuel Adams, Thomas Jefferson, Patrick Henry, Paul Revere, Thomas Paine |
| FAmous words by patriots | -No taxation without representation-do not tax the colonies without letting us have representatives in Parliament -Snake cartoon by Ben Franklin--all colonies join together |
| Common Sense | a popular book in the colonies written by Thomas Paine that explained why the colonies needed independence from Britain |
| Second Continental Congress | Second time the colonists meet and decided this group of representatives would be their government/ created the Continental Army lead by George Washington, and the soldiers were volunteer farmers and merchants called minutemen |
| Declaration of Independence | A letter written by Thomas Jefferson to the British King and the rest of the world that explained their reasons for independence |
| What were the reasons for the the Declaration of Independence? | 1. people should not be taxed without being represented2. the government's powers should be separated3. all men are created equal and have certain unalienable rights4. we believe all these ideas expressed in this letter are true--self evident |
| Yankee Doodle | Song of the American Revolution created by the British to make fun of the continental army but the colonists turned it around and made it a song of pride for the colonies |
| Reason Continental Army wins | Fighting close to home so they knew the land, Strong motivation to win because they were defending their homes, had a defensive war plan, received help from France allies |
| Treaty of Paris | this treaty signed by both the British and colonists that recognized America as an independent nation and gave huge amounts of land to the United States, England lost their colonies |
| After the war... | Colonists are now called Americans and they establish a form of free enterprise for their economy, create the first form of government called the Articles of Confederation, Elect George Washington as the first president |
Created by:
pearsonam
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