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Stars Vocab

About the Stars and HR.

QuestionAnswer
What is the sequence of changes that occur in a star as it ages? The Life Cycle of a Star.
What is a thinly spread out area of gas and dust? Interstellar Medium
With Interstellar Medium, what is the main type of gas? Hydrogen.
With Interstellar Medium, what is the main type of dust. Carbon and Silicon.
What is the "Star Nursery?" The Nebula.
When the Interstellar Medium begins to collect into big clouds, it becomes a _________. Nebula
Where is the birthplace of stars, as stars are made up of dust and gas? The Nebula.
What is inside the nebula, where there are regions of grater and lesser gravity, causing the gas and dust to pull together? The Protostar
How does the gravitational attraction of the protostar increase? When more atoms gather.
When is the protostar in a very unstable phase? When many reactions are occurring in the protostar.
What is the battle between gravity and gas pressure? The Equilibrium.
When in the equilibrium reached? When both sides are equal.
What does reactions within life cycle phases where gravity and gas pressure are constantly changing have to do with? The Equilibrium.
What happens when a critical temperature in the core of the protostar is reached and nuclear fusion begins? A Star is Born.
When a star is born, _______ begins fusing into _________. 1. Hydrogen 2. Helium
What is an extremely hot ball of gas, with hydrogen fusing into helium at its core? A Star.
What do stars spend most of their lives fusing? Hydrogen.
What happens when the hydrogen is used up for stars to fuse? They fuse helium into carbon.
What are stars always trying to achieve? Equilibrium.
What phase do stars live most of their lives in? Main Sequence.
In Main Sequence, stars have achieved what and where do they stay? Nuclear fusion, equilibrium.
In the main sequence, what do stars radiate or shine? Energy into space.
What determines what happens to a star after living most of its life in main sequence The mass of a star.
The protostar is like the ______? Fetus
Fusion Ignition-Main Sequence is like the _______? Infancy through adulthood.
Red Giant/Supergiant is like _______? Middle Age.
White Dwarf/Black Hole is like __________? Old Age - Death.
Low mass stars in the sequence are what? Cooler and have a reddish appearance.
Low mass stars and red dwarfs are what compared to the Sun? Half as massive of the Sun.
What is the medium sized low mass star? The Sun.
How many years does the Sun spend in the main sequence? 10 billion years.
What is the phase after the main sequence? The Red Giant.
What main sequence stars progress to red giants? Low mass and high mass.
What layer of the star expands in the red giant? Outer gas layers.
How does a star's core shrink? As it uses all of its fuel.
What describes the red giant? Red in color and luminosity (very bright)
What occurs at the end of a low-mass red giant's life? The Planetary Nebula.
With a planetary nebula, what happens to the outer layers of a star? They are expelled.
With the planetary nebula, what things happen with the core? It gets very hot and luminous.
How does the outer shell appear with the planetary nebula? Brightly colored gas clouds.
What forms when a low-mass star runs out of fuel? A White Dwarf.
What is the core of a planetary nebula? A White Dwarf.
What is the final stage in the cycle for low-mass stars? The White Dwarf.
Is the white dwarf dense or not dense. Very dense.
How many times is gravity larger on the white dwarf compared to Earth. 350,000 times.
What happens to the white dwarf as it cools? It changes colors.
What is the end product of a white dwarf? A Black Dwarf.
What is the last stage of stellar evolution for low-mass stars? A Black Dwarf.
What no longer happens to a black dwarf? It no longer emits heat or light.
Is a black dwarf a star? Not anymore.
What does the mass of a star determine? What happens to it after living most of its life in the main sequence.
How do high-mass stars appear? Hotter and blue or white.
High mass stars are how many times bigger than the sun? 10 times.
How many years do high-mass stars stay in the main sequence? 20 million years.
What is the same things as a giant star, only much much bigger? Red Super giants.
What happens to red super giants as they get older? It begins to run out of fuel and expand.
What is the last stage of a massive star's life? Supernova.
What happens when a star runs out of nuclear fuel with the supernova? Some of its mass flows into its core.
What happens when the mass flows into the core with the supernova? It gets heavy and can't stand its own gravitational force.
What happens with a supernova? The core collapses and results in a giant explosion.
What is the core left behind after a supernova? Neutron Star.
Are Neutron Stars dense? Yes, very dense.
How many times is a Neutron Star's gravity bigger than Earth's? 2 billion times.
Gravity presses on material so much that protons and electrons form _________, giving it the name, ______________ Neutrons, Neutron Star
What forms when very massive stars collapse at the end of their life cycle? A Black Hole.
What is a large area of space with a very strong gravitational pull? A Black Hole.
What can escape from a black hole? Nothing, not even light.
What plots each star on a graph and measures the star's magnitude(luminosity/brightness)against its temperature(color)? The H-R Diagram.
What is temperature measured in for the H-R Diagram? Kelvin (K).
Coolest stars are what color? Red.
Hottest Stars are what color? Blue.
Which way does temperature increase on a H-R Diagram? Right to left.
What is the amount of energy (light) a star emits? Luminosity.
What is another word for luminosity? Brightness.
What does the H-R diagram stand for? Hertzsprung - Russel Diagram.
What is this a part of? Stars are classified by their spectra(the elements that they absorb)and their temperature. Spectral Class.
How many spectral types are there and what are they? 7 types, O, B, A, F, G, K, M. (Listed in order of decreasing temperatures).
What tells us how bright and object appears from Earth? Apparent Magnitude.
What is the measure of a star's brightness at a distance of exactly 10 parsecs (32.6 light years) from the observer? Absolute Magnitude.
What is the Sun's absolute magnitude? 4.83.
Created by: Soccerkid
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